Legacy of Mesopotamian Astronomy & Astrology

General Literature

Burkett, Walter, The Orientalising Revolution: Near Eastern Influence on Greek Culture in the Early Archaic Age (Cambridge [Mass]/London: Harvard University Press, 1992).

Dalley, Stephanie (ed.), The Legacy of Mesopotamia (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998).

Transmission to the Eastern Mediterranean

Brown Jr., Robert, The Phainomena or “Heavenly Display” of Aratos (London: Longmans, 1885) – review in: The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 28 (1885), 137-138 [nr. 695] [A.H. Sayce] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Brown Jr., Robert, “Etruscan Divinity-Names”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 32 (1887), 323-324 [nr. 810] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Brown Jr., Robert, “Etruscan Moon-Names”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 33 (1888), 173-174 [nr. 827] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Brown Jr., Robert, “The Etruscan Sun-Name “Usil” ”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 33 (1888), 260 [nr. 832] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Brown Jr., Robert, “The Connexion between Babylonian and Greek Astronomy”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 46 (1894), 379-380 [nr. 1175] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Brown Jr., Robert, “Greek Coin Types and the Constellation Figures”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 48 (1895), 231 [nr. 1220] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Brown Jr., Robert, “Phoenicia and the Ancient Constellation Figures”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 50 (1896), 351 [nr. 1279] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Brown Jr., Robert, “A Greek Circle of Late Times showing Euphratean Influence”, Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, 23 (1901), 255-257.

Cumont, François V.M., “Comment les Grecs connurent les tables lunaires des Chaldéens”, in: G.C.C. Maspero (ed.), Florilegium ou recueil de traveaux d’érudition dédiés à M. le Marquis Melchior de Vogüé à l’occasion du quatre-vingtième anniversaire de sa naissance (Paris: Geuthner, 1909), pp. 159-165 (*).

Bezold, Carl & Boll, Franz J., Reflexe astrologischer Keilinschriften bei den griechischen Schriftstellern (Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1911 [= Sitzungsberichten der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-historische Klasse, Heft 7]) (*).

Cumont, François V.M., “Babylon und die griechische Astronomie”, Neue Jahrbucher für das klassische Altertum, Geschichte und deutsche Literatur und für Pädagogik, 27/28 (1911), 1-10 (*).

Haskins, Charles H., “Nimrod the Astrologer”, The Romanic Review, 5 (1914), 203-312 (*).

Levander, Frederick William & Knobel, E.B., “The Sea-Goat”, The Observatory, 37 (1914), 261-262 [ADS link].

Maunder, E. Walter, “The “Sea-Goat” ”, The Observatory, 37 (1914), 292-293 [ADS link].

Evershed, M.A., “The Sea-Goat”, The Observatory, 37 (1914), 322-323 [ADS link].

Weidner, Ernst Friedrich, “Babylonisches im Buche Henoch”, Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, 19 (1916), 74-?? (*).

Fotheringham, John Knight, “Cleostratus”, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 39 (1919), 164-185 [JSTOR link] – see also the postscript in ibid., 40 (1920), 208-209 [JSTOR link] & 45 (1925), 78-83 [JSTOR link].

Webb, E.J., “Cleostratus Redivivus”, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 41 (1921), 70-85 [JSTOR link].

Ungnad, Arthur, “Babylonische Sternbilder oder der Weg babylonischer Kultur nach Griechenland”, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 77 (1923), 81-91 (*).

Cumont, François V.M., “Le patrie de Séleucus de Séleucie”, Syria, 8 (1927), 83-?? (*).

Eisler, Robert, “Babylonische Astrologenausdrücke bei Demokrit”, Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie, 31 (1928[?]), 52-54 (*).

Fotheringham, John Knight, “The Indebtedness of Greek to Chaldaean Astronomy”, The Observatory, 51 (1928), 301-315 [ADS link] – reprinted with minor modifications in Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte der Mathematik, Astronomie und Physik, Abteilung B, 2 (1932), 28-44 (*).

Bork, Ferdinand, “Zur Vorgeschichte des römischen Kalenders”, Archiv für Orientforschung, 6 (1930/31), 94-100.

Bidez, Joseph, “Les écoles chaldéennes sous Alexandre et les Séleucides”, Annuaire de l’institut de philologie et d’histoire orientales, 3 (1935), 41-89 (*).

Cumont, François V.M., “Les noms des planètes et l’astrolatrie chez les Grecs”, L’antiquité classique, 4 (1935), 5-43.

Eisler, Robert, “Das astrologische Bilderbuch Salmê Shakanakkê”, Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, 38 (1935), 665-667 (*).

van der Waerden, Bartel Leendert, “Egyptian ‛Eternal Tables’ ”, Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Wis- en natuurkundige afdeeling, 50 (1947), 536-547 & 782-788 (*).

Hughes, George R., “A Demotic Astrological Text”, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 10 (1951), 256-264 [JSTOR link].

Aaboe, Asger Hartvig, “On the Babylonian Origin of some Hipparchian Parameters”, Centaurus: International Magazine of the History of Science and Medicine, 4 (1955), 122-125.

Neugebauer, Otto E., “???”, Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Sciences, 38 (1955), 166-??? (*).

Sarton, George, “Chaldaean Astronomy of the Last Three Centuries B.C.”, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 75 (1955), 166-173 [JSTOR link].

McMinn, J.B., “Fusion of the Gods: A Religio-Astrological Study of the Interpenetration of the East and the West in Asia Minor”, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 15 (1956), 201-213 [JSTOR link].

Lewy, Hans, Chaldean Oracles and Theurgy: Mysticism, Magic and Platonism in the later Roman Empire (Cairo: Institut Français d’Archaéologie Orientale, 1956 [= Publications de l’Institut Français d’Archaéologie: Recherches d’archaéologie, de philologie et d’histoire, nr. 13]) – an expanded edition by Michel Tardieu was published in 1978 by the Institut d’Études Augustiniennes (Paris).

van der Waerden, Bartel Leendert, “Babylonische Planetenrechnung in Ägypten und Indien”, Bibliotheca Orientalis, 13 (1956), 108-110 (*).

van der Waerden, Bartel Leendert, “The Astronomical Papyrus Ryland 27”, Centaurus: International Magazine of the History of Science and Medicine, 5 (1956/58), 177-191 (*).

Neugebauer, Otto E., “On a Fragment of Heliodorus(?) on Planetary Motion”, Sudhoffs Archiv, 42 (1958), 166-??? [DIGI Zeitschriften link].

Nilsson, Martin P., “Die babylonische Grundlage der griechischen Astrologie, Eranos, 56 (1958), 1-11.

Parker, Richard A., A Vienna Demotic Papyrus on Eclipse- and Lunar-Omina (Providence [RI]: Brown University Press, 1959 [= Brown Egyptological Studies, nr. 2]) – an Achaemenian period text with Mesopotamian-type eclipse omens.

van der Waerden, Bartel Leendert, “Babylonische Methoden in ägyptischen Planetentafeln”, Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschende Gesellschaft Zürich, 105 (1960), 97-144 (*).

Parker, Richard A., “Two Demotic Astronomical Papyri in the Carlsberg Collection”, Acta Orientalia, 26 (1962), 143-147.

Neugebauer, Otto E., “The Survival of Babylonian Methods in the Exact Sciences of Antiquity and Middle Ages”, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 107 (1963), 528-535 [JSTOR link] – reprinted in Neugebauer (1983), pp. 157-164 (*).

Huxley, George, “Aristarchus of Samos and Graeco-Babylonian Astronomy”, Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 5 (1964), 123-131 [JSTOR link].

Huxley, George, The Interaction of Greek and Babylonian Astronomy (Belfast: The Queen’s University, 1964) (*).

Derchain, P., “Essai de classement chronologique des influences babyloniennes et hellénistiques sur l’astrologie égyptienne des documents démotiques”, in: F. Wendel (ed.), La divination en Mésopotamie ancienne et dans les régions voisines: XIVe Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale (Strasbourg, 2-6 juillet 1965 (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1966 [= Travaux de Centre d’Études Supérieures spécialisé d’Histoire des Religions de Strasbourg]), pp. 147-158.

Eilers, Wilhelm, “Stern-Planet-Regenbogen: Zur Nomenklatur der orientalishen Himmelskunde”, in: W. Hoenerbach (ed.), Der Orient in der Forschung: Festschrift für Otto Spies zum 5. April 1967 (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1967), pp. 92-146 (*).

Aaboe, Asger Hartvig, On the Tables of Planetary Visibility in the Almagest and the Handy Tables (Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1969 [= Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Matematisk-fysiske Meddelelser, 37, nr. 8]).

van der Waerden, Bartel Leendert, “Die “Ägypter” und die “Chaldäer” ”, Sitzungsberichten der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Math. Klasse, ?? (1972), 5. Abhandlung (*).

van der Waerden, Bartel Leendert, “Aegyptische Planetenrechnung”, Centaurus: International Magazine of the History of Science and Medicine, 16 (1972), 65-91.

Eilers, Wilhelm, Sinn und Herkunft der Planetennamen (Munich: C.H. Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1976 [= Sitzungsberichte der Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-historische Klasse, Jahrgang 1975, Heft 3]) (*).

van der Waerden, Bartel Leendert, “The “Babylonians” and the “Persians” ”, in: Y. Maeyama & W.G. Saltzer (eds.), ΠΡΙΣΜΑΤΑ: Naturwissenschaftsgeschichtliche Studien. Festschrift für Willy Hartner (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1977), pp. 431-440 (*).

Kuhrt, Amélie, “Assyrian and Babylonian Traditions in Classical Authors: A Critical Synthesis”, in: H.-J. Nissen & J. Renger (eds.), Mesopotamien und seine Nachbarn: Politische und kulturelle Wechselbeziehungen im Alten Vorderasien vom 4. bis 1. Jahrtausend v.Chr.: XXV. Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Berlin, 3. bis 7. Juli 1978 (Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1982 [= Berliner Beiträge zum Vorderen Orient, nr. 1]), vol. 2, pp. 539-553.

Pingree, David Edwin, “Mesopotamian Astronomy and Astral Omens in other Civilizations”, in: H.-J. Nissen & J. Renger (eds.), Mesopotamien und seine Nachbarn: Politische und kulturelle Wechselbeziehungen im Alten Vorderasien vom 4. bis 1. Jahrtausend v.Chr.: XXV. Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Berlin, 3. bis 7. Juli 1978 (Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1982 [= Berliner Beiträge zum Vorderen Orient, nr. 1]), vol. 2, pp. 613-631.

Jones, Alexander, “The Development and Transmission of 248-day Schemes for Lunar Motion in Ancient Astronomy”, Archive for History of the Exact Sciences, 29 (1983), 1-36 [SpringerLink].

Sachs, Abraham Joseph & Walker, Christopher B.F., “Kepler’s View of the Star of Bethlehem and the Babylonian Almanac for 7/6 B.C.”, Iraq, 46 (1984), 4-55 (*).

Rawlins, Dennis, “Hellenistic Solstices and Babylonian Use of Them”, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 17 (1985), 583 [ADS link].

Rawlins, Dennis, “Aristarchos as Source of Babylonian & Ptolemaic Mean Motions”, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 17 (1985), 901 [ADS link].

Moesgaard, Kristian Peder, “Synodic Period Relations in Babylonian and Hellenistic Astronomy”, in: S.R. Malin (ed.), Longitude Zero 1884-1984: Proceedings of IAU Colloq. 84, held at Greenwich, July 9-13, 1984, to mark the Centenary of the Adoption of the Greenwich Meridian (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985 [= Vistas in Astronomy, 28]), pp. 119-121 [ScienceDirect link].

Westerink, L. & Combes, J. (eds.), Damascius: Traité des premiers principes – I. De l’ineffable et de l’un (Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1986) – a version of the Babylonian Creation Myth, preserved in the writings of Damascius, a Greek Neo-Platonist philosopher of the sixth century AD., calling Bêl demiurge, or Creator.

Hunger, Hermann, “The Spread of Mesopotamian Exact Science into the Hellenistic World”, Sumer: A Journal of Archaeology and History in Arab World, 42 (1986[?]), 64-67.

Moesgaard, Kristian Peder, “In Chase of an Origin for the Mean Planetary Motions in Ptolemy’s Almagest”, in: J.L. Berggren & B.R. Goldstein (eds.), From Ancient Omens to Statistical Mechanics: Essays on the Exact Sciences presented to Asger Aaboe (Copenhagen: University Library, 1987 [= Acta Historica Scientiarum Naturalium et Medicinalium, nr. 39]), pp. 43-54 (*).

Rochberg-Halton, Francesca, “Elements of the Babylonian Contribution to Hellenistic Astrology”, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 108 (1988), 51-62 [JSTOR lnk].

Stieglitz, R.R., “The Chaldeo-Babylonian Planet Names in Hesychius”, in: Y.L. Arbeitman (ed.), Fucus: A Semitic/Afrasian Gathering in Remembrance of Albert Ehrman (???: ???, 1988 [= Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, nr. 58]), 443-447 (*).

Bowen, Alan C. & Goldstein, Bernard R., “Meton of Athens and Astronomy in the Late Fifth Century B.C.”, in: E. Leichty, M. de Jong Ellis & P. Gerardi (eds.), A Scientific Humanist: Studies in Memory of Abraham Sachs (Philadelphia: Kramer Fund, 1988 [= Occasional Publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund, nr. 9]), pp. 39-81.

Neugebauer, Otto E., “A Babylonian Lunar Ephemeris from Roman Egypt”, in: E. Leichty, M. de Jong Ellis & P. Gerardi (eds.), A Scientific Humanist: Studies in Memory of Abraham Sachs (Philadelphia: Kramer Fund, 1988 [= Occasional Publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund, nr. 9]), pp. 301-304.

Toomer, Gerard J., “Hipparchus and Babylonian Astronomy”, in: E. Leichty, M. de Jong Eliis & P. Gerardi (eds.), A Scientific Humanist: Studies in Memory of Abraham Sachs (Philadelphia: Kramer Fund, 1988 [= Occasional Publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund, nr. 9]), pp. 353-362.

Neugebauer, Otto E., “From Assyriology to Renaissance Art”, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 133 (1989), 391-403 [JSTOR link].

Greenfield, J.C. & Sokoloff, M., “Astrological and Related Omen Texts in Jewish Palestinian Aramaic”, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 48 (1989), 201-214 [JSTOR link].

Jones, Alexander, “Babylonian and Greek Astronomy in a Papyrus concerning Mars”, Centaurus: International Magazine of the History of Science and Medicine, 33 (1990), 97-114.

Jones, Alexander, “The Adaptation of Babylonian Methods in Greek Numerical Astronomy”, Isis, 82 (1991), 440-453 [JSTOR link].

Jones, Alexander, “Evidence for Babylonian Arithmetical Schemes in Greek Astronomy”, in: H.D. Galter (ed.), Die Rolle der Astronomie in den Kulturen Mesopotamiens: Beiträge zum 3. Grazer Morgenländischen Symposion (23.-27. September 1991) (Graz: rm-Druck & Verlagsgesellschaft, 1993 [= Grazer Morgenländische Studien, nr. 3]), pp. 77-94.

Graßhoff, Gerhard, “The Babylonian Tradition of Celestial Phenomena and Ptolemy’s Fixed Star Calendar”, in: H.D. Galter (ed.), Die Rolle der Astronomie in den Kulturen Mesopotamiens: Beiträge zum 3. Grazer Morgenländischen Symposion (23.-27. September 1991) (Graz: rm-Druck & Verlagsgesellschaft, 1993 [= Grazer Morgenländische Studien, nr. 3]), pp. 95-134.

de Kuyper, J. “Mesopotamian Astronomy and Astrology as seen by Greek Literature: The Chaldeans”, in: H.D. Galter (ed.), Die Rolle der Astronomie in den Kulturen Mesopotamiens: Beiträge zum 3. Grazer Morgenländischen Symposion (23.-27. September 1991) (Graz: rm-Druck & Verlagsgesellschaft, 1993 [= Grazer Morgenländische Studien, nr. 3]), pp. 135-137.

Bobrova, Larissa & Militarev, Alexander. “From Mesopotamia to Greece: On the Origin of Semitic and Greek Star Names”, in: H.D. Galter (ed.), Die Rolle der Astronomie in den Kulturen Mesopotamiens: Beiträge zum 3. Grazer Morgenländischen Symposion (23.-27. September 1991) (Graz: rm-Druck & Verlagsgesellschaft, 1993 [= Grazer Morgenländische Studien, nr. 3]), pp. 307-330.

Albani, M., Astronomie und Schöpfungsglaube: Untersuchungen zum astronomischen Henochbuch (Neukirchen-Vluyn: ???, 1994 [= WMANT, Band 68]).

Greenfield, Jonas C., “The Names of the Zodiacal Signs in Aramaic and Hebrew”, in: R. Gyselen (ed.), Au carrefour des religions: Mélanges offerts à Philippe Gignoux (Paris: ???, 1995 [= Res Orientales, nr. VII]), pp. 99-???.

Panaino, Antonio, “Uranographia Iranica I: The Three Heavens in the Zoroastrian Tradition”, in: R. Gyselen (ed.), Au carrefour des religions: Mélanges offerts à Philippe Gignoux (Paris: ???, 1995 [= Res Orientales, nr. VII]), pp. 205-225 (*).

Janssen, Caroline, Bābil, the City of Witchcraft and Wine: The Name and Fame of Babylon in Medieval Arabic Geographical Texts (Ghent: University of Ghent, 1995 [= Mesopotamian History and Environment, series I (Memoirs), nr. 2]) – review in: Archiv für Orientforschung, 50 (2003/04), 434-435 [H. Eisenstein] (*).

Panaino, Antonio, “Uranographia Iranica II: Avestan hapta.srū- and mərəzu-. Ursa Minor and the North Pole?”, Archiv für Orientforschung, 42/43 (1995/96), 190-207.

Toomer, Gerald J., “Ptolemy and his Greek Predecessors”, in: C.B.F. Walker (ed.), Astronomy Before the Telescope (London/New York: British Museum Press/St. Martin’s Press, 1996), pp. 68-91.

Gleßmer, Uwe, “Horizontal Measuring in the Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN and in the Astronomical Book of 1 En”, Henoch, 18 (1996), 259-282.

Jones, Alexander, “On Babylonian Astronomy and its Greek Metamorphoses”, in: F. Jamil Rageep, S.P. Ragep & S. Livesey (eds.), Tradition, Transmission, Transformation: Proceedings of Two Conferences on Pre-Modern Science held at the University of Oklahoma (Leiden [etc.]: E.J. Brill, 1996), pp. 139-155.

Jones, Alexander, “Babylonian Astronomy and its Legacy”, Bulletin of the Canadian Society for Mesopotamian Studies, 32 (1997), 11-16 (*).

Jones, Alexander, “A Greek Papyrus containing Babylonian Lunar Theory”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 119 (1997), 167-172 [ZPE link].

Pingree, David Edwin, From Astral Omens to Astrology from Babylon to Bikãner (Rome: Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente, 1997 [= Orientale Roma, nr. 78]).

Pingree, David Edwin, “Legacies in Astronomy and Celestial Omens”, in: S. Dalley (ed.), The Legacy of Mesopotamia (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998), pp. 125-137.

Jones, Alexander, “A Classification of Astronomical Tables on Papyrus”, in: N.M. Swerdlow (ed.), Ancient Astronomy and Celestial Divination (Cambridge/London: MIT Press, 1999), pp. 299-340.

Jones, Alexander, Astronomical Papyri from Oxyrhynchus (P.Oxy. 4133-4300a) (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1999 [= Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, nr. 233]), 2 vols.

Jones, Alexander, “A Likely Source of an Observation Report in Ptolemy’s Almagest”, Archive for History of Exact Sciences, 54 (1999), 255-258 [SpringerLink].

Britton, John P. & Jones, Alexander, “A New Babylonian Planetary Model in a Greek Source”, Archive for History of Exact Sciences, 54 (2000), 349-373 [SpringerLink].

Campion, Nicholas, “Babylonian Astrology: Its Origin and Legacy in Europe”, in: H. Selin & Sun Xiaochun (eds.), Astronomy Across Cultures: The History of Non-Western Astronomy (Dordrecht [etc.]: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000 [= Science Across Cultures: The History of Non-Western Science, vol. 1]), pp. 509-553.

Schaaf, Fred, “In Search of the Sea Goat”, Sky & Telescope, 102 (2001), nr. 4, 90-??.

Ben-Dov, Jonathan, “4Q319 Otot”, in: S. Talmon, J. Ben-Dov & U. Glessmer (eds.), Calendrical Texts: Qumran Cave 4 XVI (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2001 [= Discoveries in the Judaean Desert, vol. XXI]), pp. 195-244.

Jones, Alexander, “Babylonian Lunar Theory in Roman Egypt: Two New Texts”, in: J.M. Steele & A. Imhausen (eds.), Under One Sky: Astronomy and Mathematics in the Ancient Near East (Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2002 [= Alter Orient und Altes Testament, nr. 297]), pp. 167-174.

Rawlins, Dennis, “Aristarchos & the “Babylonian” System B Month: The Empirical and Calendaric Bases of Ancient Astronomy’s Prime Parameter”,DIO, 11 (2002), 4-9 [ADS link] – also published as “Aristarchos and the ‘Babylonian’ Month”, in: J.M. Steele & A. Imhausen (eds.), Under One Sky: Astronomy and Mathematics in the Ancient Near East (Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2002 [= Alter Orient und Altes Testament, nr. 297]), pp. 295-296.

Rawlins, Dennis, “Babylon’s System A & the 1274 BC Eclipse: The Oldest of All Traceable Eclipse-Records”, DIO, 11 (2002), 10-19 [ADS link].

Rawlins, Dennis, “Hipparchos’ Draconitic Month & the 1245 BC Eclipse: Late Use of 13th Century BC Data Independently Confirmed”, DIO, 11 (2002), 20-25 [ADS link].

Ben-Dov, Jonathan, “The Initial Stages of Lunar Theory at Qumran”, Journal of Jewish Studies, 54 (2003), 125-138.

Lehoux, Daryn, “Observation and Prediction in Ancient Astrology”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 35 (2004), 227-246 [ScienceDirect link].

Caiozzo, Anna, “Le temple de la Lune verte: De la couleur des planètes dans les miniatures de l’Orient médiéval”, Der Islam, 81 (2004), 270-302.

Ben-Dov, Jonathan, Astronomy and Calendars at Qumran: Sources and Trends (Jerusalem: PhD thesis Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2005).

Ben-Dov, Jonathan & Horowitz, Wayne, “The Babylonian Lunar Three in Qumran Calendars”, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie, 95 (2005), 104-121.

The Babyloniaka of Berossus of Babylon

The Babyloniaka (“Babylonian History”) of Berossus of Babylon was dedicated to the Seleucid king Antiochus I Soter (ruled 281 to 261 BC). His work is only known from quotations by later authors (Pliny the Elder, Flavius Josephus, Athenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, Eusebius Pamphilius, Georgius Syncellus, etc.). According to later traditions, Berossus founded an astrology school on the island of Cos.

Berossus may perhaps be identified with the Babylonian temple official Bel-re’ušunu, who, between 258 and 253 BC, served as šatammu (head of the temple organization) of the Esagila, the temple of the Babylonian supreme god Marduk.

Richter, ?., Berosi Chaldæorum Historiæ quæ supersunt, cum commentatione (Leipzig: ???, 1825).

Cory, Isaac Preston, The Ancient Fragments; Containing what Remains of the Writings of Sanchoniatho, Berossus, Abydenus, Megasthenes, and Manetho (London: William Pickering, 1828) – partial online version based on the 1832 edition [SacredTexts link].

Lenormant, François, Essai de commentaire sur les fragments cosmogoniques de Bérose d’après les textes cunéiformes et les monuments de l’art asiatique (Paris: Maisonneuve, 1871).

Havet, Ernst, “[Writings ascribed to Berosus and Manetho]”, Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions [etc.], ?? (1874), ???-??? (*).

Hodges, E. Richmond, Cory’s Ancient Fragments of the Phœnician, Carthaginian, Babylonian, Egyptian and other Authors: A New and Enlarged Edition; the Translation carefully Revised, and Enriched with Notes Critical and Explanatory, with Introductions to the Several Fragments (London: Reeves & Turner, 1876), pp. 43-70 [Internet Archives link].

Oppert, Jules, “Restoration of the Berosus Canon”, in: R.K. Douglas (ed.), Transactions of the Second Session of the International Congress of Orientalists, held in London in September, 1874 (London: Trübner & Co., 1876), pp. 46-50.

Whitehouse, F. Cope, “Berosus – Genesis”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 22 (1882), 86 [nr. 534] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Brown Jr., Robert, “The Ten Patriarchs of Berosus”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 43 (1893), 485-486 [nr. 1100] [Periodicals Archive Online link] & 44 (1893), 56 [nr. 1106] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Meyer, Eduard, “Das chronologische System des Berossos”, Klio: Beiträge zur alten Geschichte, 3 (1903), 131-134 [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Lehmann-Haupt, Carl Friedrich, “Die Dynastien der babylonischen Königsliste und des Berossos”, Klio: Beiträge zur alten Geschichte, 3 (1903), 135-163 [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Schnabel, Paul, Die babylonische Chronologie in Berossos’ Babyloniaka (Berlin: Peiser, 1908 [= Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft, vol. 13, nr. 5]).

Lehmann-Haupt, Carl Friedrich, “Berossos’ Chronologie und die keilschriftlichen Neufunde”, Klio: Beiträge zur alten Geschichte, 8 (1908), 227-251 [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Cavaignac, Eugène, “La première dynastie araméenne de Bérose et les documents contemporains”, Revue d’assyriologie et d’archéologie orientale, 18 (1921), 79-81.

Schnabel, Paul, Berossos und die babylonisch-hellenistische Literatur (Leipzig/Berlin: B.G. Teubner Verlag, 1923) – reprint Georg Olms Verlagsbuchhandlung, Hildesheim, 1968 (*) – includes the Greek text of the known fragments of the Babyloniaka with a German translation – review in: Archiv für Keilschriftforschung, 2 (1924/25), 32-36 [E.F. Weidner].

Lehmann-Haupt, Carl Friedrich, “Neue Studien zur Berossos”, Klio: Beiträge zur alten Geschichte, 22 (1929), 125-160 [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Opitz, Dietrich, “Der Bär bei den Babyloniern und bei Berossos”, Archiv für Orientforschung, 8 (1932/33), 45-51.

Cornelius, Friedrich, “Berossos und die altorientalische Chronologie”, Klio: Beiträge zur alten Geschichte, 35 (1943), 1-16 [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Cavaignac, Eugène, “Sur deux textes de Bérose et de Diodore relatifs à l’astronomie babylonienne”, in: Compte rendu de la troisième Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, organisée à Leiden du 28 juin au 4 juillet 1952 par le Nederlandsch Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten (Leiden: Nederlandsch Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, 1954), pp. 148-150.

Toulmin, Stephen, “The Astrophysics of Berossos the Chaldean”, Isis, 58 (1967), 65-76 [JSTOR link] – see also the discussion in ibid., 59 (1968), 91-94 [JSTOR link] & 60 (1969), 547 [JSTOR link].

Geison, Gerald L., “Did Conon of Samos transmit Babylonian Observations?”, Isis, 58 (1967), 398-401 [JSTOR link].

Drews, R., “The Babylonian Chronicles and Berossus”, Iraq, 37 (1975), 39-55 (*).

Burstein, Stanley Mayer, The Babyloniaca of Berossus (Malibu: Undena Publications, 1978 [= Sources from the Ancient Near East, vol. 1, nr. 5]) – does not include the Greek text of the Babyloniaka – a corrected edition was published in 1980.

Kuhrt, Amélie, “Berossus’ Babyloniaka and Seleucid Rule in Babylonia”, in: A. Kuhrt & S.M. Sherwin-White (eds.), Hellenism in the East: The Interaction of Greek and non-Greek Civilizations from Syria to Central Asia after Alexander (Berkeley/London: University of California Press/Duckworth, 1987 [= Hellenistic Culture and Society, nr. 21]), pp. 32-56 (*).

Verbrugghe, Gerald P. & Wickersham, John Moore, Berossos and Manetho: Native Traditions in Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996).

van der Spek, Robartus J., “The Šatammus of Esagila in the Seleucid and Arsacid Periods”, in: J. Marzahn & H. Neumann (eds.), Assyriologica et Semitica: Festschrift für Joachim Oelsner anläßlich seines 65. Geburtstages am 18. Februar 1997 (Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2000 [= Alter Orient und Altes Testament, nr. 252]), pp. 437-446.

Transmission to the Indian Subcontinent

Schnabel, Paul, “Recognition of Babylonian Planetary Ephemerides Material in Later Indian Texts”, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete, 35 [= NF, 1] (1924), 112-??? & 37 [= NF, 3] (1927), 60-??.

Neugebauer, Otto E., “Tamil Astronomy: A Study in the History of Astronomy in India”, Osiris, 10 (1952), 252-276 [JSTOR link].

Krishna Rav, I.V.M., “The Motion of the Moon in Tamil Astronomy”, Centaurus: International Magazine of the History of Science and Medicine, 4 (1955), 198-220.

van der Waerden, Bartel Leendert, “Tamil Astronomy”, Centaurus: International Magazine of the History of Science and Medicine, 4 (1955), 221-234.

van der Waerden, Bartel Leendert, “Diophantische Gleichungen und Planetenperioden in der indischen Astronomie”, Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschende Gesellschaft Zürich, 100 (1955), 153-170 (*).

Pingree, David Edwin, “Astronomy and Astrology in India and Iran”, Isis, 54 (1963), 229-246 [JSTOR link].

van der Waerden, Bartel Leendert, “Vergleich der mittleren Bewegungen in der babylonischen, griechischen und indischen Astronomie”, Centaurus: International Magazine of the History of Science and Medicine, 11 (1965), 1-18 – addenda in ibid., 15 (1970), 21-25 (*).

Neugebauer, Otto E. & Pingree, David Edwin, The Pañcasiddhântikâ of Varâhamihira (Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1970 [= Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Hist.-Fil. Skrifter, 6, nr. 1]), 2 vols.

Billard, Roger, L’astronomie indienne: Investigation des textes sanskrits et des données numériques (Paris: École Française d’Extrême-Orient, 1971 [= Publications de l’École Française d’Extrême-Orient, nr. LXXXIII]).

Pingree, David Edwin, “The Mesopotamian Origin of Early Indian Mathematical Astronomy”, Journal for the History of Astronomy, 4 (1973), 1-12 [ADS link].

Wirth, Peter B., “Die Venustheorie des Vasistha in den Pañcasiddhântikâ des Varâha Mihira”, Centaurus: International Magazine of the History of Science and Medicine, 18 (1973), 29-43.

Pingree, David Edwin, “The Recovery of Early Greek Astronomy from India”, Journal for the History of Astronomy, 7 (1976), 109-123 [ADS link].

van der Waerden, Bartel Leendert, “Two Treatises on Indian Astronomy”, Journal for the History of Astronomy, 11 (1980), 50-58 [or 56 - check] [ADS link].

van der Waerden, Bartel Leendert, “The Conjunction of 3102 BC”, Centaurus: International Magazine of the History of Science and Medicine, 24 (1980), 117-131 (*).

Pingree, David Edwin, Jyotihśāstra: Astral and Mathematical Literature (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1981).

Pingree, David Edwin, “History of Mathematical Astronomy in India”, in: C.S. GIllispie (ed.), Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1981), vol. 15, pp. 533-633.

Pingree, David Edwin, “Venus Omens in India and Babylon”, in: F. Rochberg-Halton (ed.), Language, Literature and History: Philological and Historical Studies presented to Erica Reiner (New Haven: American Oriental Society, 1987), pp. 293-315 (*).

Pingree, David Edwin, “Babylonian Planetary Theory in Sanskrit Omen Texts”, in: J.L. Berggren & B.R. Goldstein (eds.), From Ancient Omens to Statistical Mechanics: Essays on the Exact Sciences presented to Asger Aaboe (Copenhagen: University Library, 1987 [= Acta Historica Scientiarum Naturalium et Medicinalium, nr. 39]), pp. 91-99.

Pingree, David Edwin, “MUL.APIN and the Vedic Astronomy”, in: H. Behrens, D.M. Loding & M.T. Roth (eds.), DUMU-E₂-DUB-BA-A: Studies in Honor of Åke W. Sjöberg (Philadelphia: University Museum, 1989 [= Occasional Publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund, nr. 11]), pp. 439-445 (*).

Pingree, David Edwin, “Mesopotamian Omens in Sanskrit”, in: D. Charpin & F. Joannès (eds.), La circulation des biens, des personnes et des idées dans le Proche-Orient ancien: Actes de la XXXVIIIe Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale (Paris, 8-10 juillet 1991) (Paris: Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 1992), pp. 375-379.

Kak, Subhash C., “Astronomy of the Vedic Altars”, Vistas in Astronomy, 36 (1993), 117-140 [ScienceDirect link].

Kak, Subhash C., “The Astronomy of the Age of Geometric Altars”, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 36 (1995), 385-395 [ADS link].

Kak, Subhash C., “Knowledge of Planets in the Third Millennium BC”, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 37 (1996), 709-715 [ADS link].

Pingree, David Edwin, “Astronomy in India”, in: C.B.F. Walker (ed.), Astronomy Before the Telescope (London/New York: British Museum Press/St. Martin’s Press, 1996), pp. 123-142.

Hari, K. Chandra, “On the Origin of Sidereal Zodiac and Astronomy”, Indian Journal for History of Science, 33 (1998), 257-266.

Abhyankar, K.D., “Babylonian Source of Āryabhata’s Planetary Constants”, Indian Journal for History of Science, 35 (2000), 177-180.

Kak, Subhash C., “Birth and Early Development of Indian Astronomy”, in: H. Selin (ed.), Astronomy Across Cultures: The History of Non-Western Astronomy (Dordrecht [etc.]: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000 [= Science Across Cultures: The History of Non-Western Science, nr. 1]), pp. 303-340.

Falk, Harry, “Measuring Time in Mesopotamia and Ancient India”, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 150 (2003), 107-132.

Kak, Subhash C., “Babylonian and Indian Astronomy: Early Connections”, unpublished(?) [arXiv link].

Transmission to the Far East

Terrien de Lacouperie, Albert Êtienne Jean Baptiste, “The Chinese Name of the Roman Empire”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 20 (1881), 260-261 [nr. 491] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Edkins, Joseph, “[on Terrien de Lacouperie’s hypothesis]”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 23 (1883), ?? [issue of 6 January] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Terrien de Lacouperie, Albert Êtienne Jean Baptiste, “Chinese and Akkadian Affinities”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 23 (1883), 48 [nr. 559] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Edkins, Joseph, “Criticism of Early Chinese Literature”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 24 (1883), 48-49 [nr. 585] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Terrien de Lacouperie, Albert Êtienne Jean Baptiste, “Early Chinese Literature”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 24 (1883), 66-67 [nr. 586] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Terrien de Lacouperie, Albert Êtienne Jean Baptiste, “The Affinity of the Ten Stems of the Chinese Cycle with the Akkadian Numerals”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 24 (1883), 144-145 [nr. 591] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Terrien de Lacouperie, Albert Êtienne Jean Baptiste, “The Chinese Mythical Kings and the Babylonian Canon”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 24 (1883), 232-233 [nr. 596] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Terrien de Lacouperie, Albert Êtienne Jean Baptiste, “Traditions of Babylonia in Early Chinese Documents”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 24 (1883), 334-335 [nr. 602] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Edkins, Joseph, “The Chinese Cycles of Ten, Twelve, and Twenty-Eight”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 25 (1884), 99-100 [nr. 614] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

de Harlez, C., “The Origin of Chinese Civilisation”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 25 (1884), 153 [nr. 617] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Terrien de Lacouperie, Albert Êtienne Jean Baptiste, “The Origin of Chinese Civilisation”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 25 (1884), 171 [nr. 617] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

de Harlez, C., “The Origin of Chinese Civilisation”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 25 (1884), 188 [nr. 619] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Kingsmill, Thos. W., “The Relations of China with the Roman Empire”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 26 (1884), 12-13 [nr. 635] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Terrien de Lacouperie, Albert Êtienne Jean Baptiste, “Babylonian and Old Chinese Measures”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 28 (1885), 243-244 [nr. 701] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Edkins, Joseph, “Babylonian Origin of Chinese Astronomy and Astrology”, The China Review, or Notes & Queries on the Far East, 14 (1885), 90-95 [HKJO link].

Edkins, Joseph, “Babylonian Astronomy”, The China Review, or Notes & Queries on the Far East, 14 (1885), 104-105 [HKJO link].

Edkins, Joseph, “When did Babylonian Astrology Enter China?”, Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, 9 (1886), 32-39 – also in 8 (1885).

Terrien de Lacouperie, Albert Êtienne Jean Baptiste, “Babylonia and China”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 30 (1886), 91-92 [nr. 744] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Edkins, Joseph, “[The Babylonian Origin of the Chinese Astronomy]”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 31 (1887), ??-?? [issue of 8 January] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Terrien de Lacouperie, Albert Êtienne Jean Baptiste, The Languages of China before the Chinese (London: David Nutt, 1887).

[Edkins, Joseph], “Babylonian Astronomy”, The China Review, or Notes & Queries on the Far East, 16 (1888), 370-371 [HKJO link].

[Edkins, Joseph], “Early Connection of Babylonia with China”, The China Review, or Notes & Queries on the Far East, 16 (1888), 371 [HKJO link].

[Edkins, Joseph], “Babylonian Influence on China”, The China Review, or Notes & Queries on the Far East, 16 (1888), 371-372 [HKJO link].

Bertin, George, “The Babylonian Origin of Chinese Writing”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 34 (1888), 13 [nr. 844] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Terrien de Lacouperie, Albert Êtienne Jean Baptiste, “The Old Babylonian Characters and their Chinese Derivates”, The Babylonian & Oriental Record: A Monthly Magazine of the Antiquities of the East, 2 (1888), nr. 9, ???-??? [Internet Archives links].

Terrien de Lacouperie, Albert Êtienne Jean Baptiste, “The Babylonian Origin of Chinese Writing”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 34 (1888), 27-28 [nr. 845] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Hopkins, L.C., “Ancient Writing in Babylonia and in China”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 35 (1889), 345-346 [nr. 889] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Terrien de Lacouperie, Albert Êtienne Jean Baptiste, “The Oldest Chinese Characters”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 35 (1889), 415-417 [nr. 893] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Terrien de Lacouperie, Albert Êtienne Jean Baptiste, “Origin from Babylon and Elam of the Early Chinese Civilisation: A Summary of the Proofs”, The Babylonian and Oriental Record: A Monthly Magazine of the Antiquities of the East, 3 (1889), 97-110.

Terrien de Lacouperie, Albert Êtienne Jean Baptiste, “The Zodiac and Cycles of Babylonia and their Chinese Derivatives”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 38 (1890), 321-322 [nr. 962] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Terrien de Lacouperie, Albert Êtienne Jean Baptiste, “China and Babylonia”, The Academy: A Weekly Review of Literature, Science and Art, 42 (1892), 218 [nr. 1062] [Periodicals Archive Online link].

Bezold, Carl, “Sze-ma Ts’ien und die babylonische Astrologie”, Ostasiatische Zeitschrift, 8 (1919), 42-49 (*).

de Saussure, Léopold, “Origine babylonienne de l’astronomie chinoise”, Archives des sciences physiques et naturelles, 128 [= sér. 5, 5] (1923), 5-?? (*).

Berriman, A.E., “A New Approach to the Study of Ancient Metrology”, Revue d’assyriologie et d’archéologie orientale, 49 (1955), 193-201.

Berriman, A.E., “A Sumerian Weight-Standard in Chinese Metrology during the Former Han Dynasty (206 B.C. – A.D. 23)”, Revue d’assyriologie et d’archéologie orientale, 52 (1958), 203-207.

Xiao-Yuan, Jiang, “The Solar Motion Theories of Babylon and Ancient China: A New Lead for the Relation Between Babylonian and Chinese Astronomy”, in: J.B. Hearnshaw & Zhang Erhe (eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth Asian-Pacific Regional Meeting of the International Astronomical Union (Beijing/Oxford: Science Press/Pergamon Press, 1988 [= Vistas in Astronomy, 31]), pp. 829-832 [ScienceDirect link] – originally published in Acta Astronomica Sinica, 29 (1988), 272-277 [in Chinese, English abstract].

Xiao-Yuan, Jiang, “Planetary Theories of Babylon and Ancient China”, Acta Astronomica Sinica, 31 (1990), 342-348 [in Chinese, English abstract] [ScienceDirect link].