adsauthor "Muller, R." abstract sloppy Title: The Metrology Light Source operated as a primary source standard Authors: Klein, R.; Brandt, G.; Fliegauf, R.; Hoehl, A.; Müller, R.; Thornagel, R.; Ulm, G. Affiliation: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany Publication: Metrologia, Volume 46, Issue 4, pp. S266-S271 (2009). Publication Date: 08/2009 Origin: IOP DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/46/4/S25 Bibliographic Code: 2009Metro..46S.266K Abstract The Metrology Light Source (MLS)---the dedicated electron storage ring of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), designed for metrology and technological applications in the spectral range from the far IR to the VUV---started user operation in April 2008. The MLS is used as a primary source standard from the NIR to the VUV spectral region and is therefore equipped with all the instrumentation necessary to measure with low uncertainty the storage ring parameters and the geometrical parameters needed for the calculation of the spectral photon flux according to the Schwinger theory. It can be operated at any electron beam energy between 105 MeV and 630 MeV and at electron beam currents varying from 1 pA (one stored electron) up to 200 mA, which allows conditions to be tailor-made for special applications. Title: Towards traceable radiometry in the terahertz region Authors: Werner, L.; Hübers, H.-W.; Meindl, P.; Müller, R.; Richter, H.; Steiger, A. Affiliation: AA(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2--12, 10587 Berlin, Germany ), AB(German Aerospace Center (DLR), Rutherfordstraße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AC(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2--12, 10587 Berlin, Germany ), AD(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2--12, 10587 Berlin, Germany ), AE(German Aerospace Center (DLR), Rutherfordstraße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AF(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2--12, 10587 Berlin, Germany ) Publication: Metrologia, Volume 46, Issue 4, pp. S160-S164 (2009). Publication Date: 08/2009 Origin: IOP DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/46/4/S05 Bibliographic Code: 2009Metro..46S.160W Abstract PTB and DLR join their expertise and experience in optical radiometry and in THz techniques to perform what is to our knowledge the first traceable measurement of radiant power of a THz quantum cascade laser and the first absolute calibration of a THz radiation detector against a cryogenic radiometer (CR). A total standard uncertainty of 7.3% was achieved at a frequency of 2.5 THz corresponding to a wavelength of 120 µm. This uncertainty is dominated by the limited knowledge of the absorptance of the CR cavity. All other uncertainty contributions including those arising from diffraction are only 2%. Title: The Ionized Structure of the Local Spur Authors: Cersosimo, J. C.; Muller, R. J.; Figueroa, N. Santiago Affiliation: AA(Department of Physics and Electronics University of Puerto Rico at Humacao, Humacao PR 00791, USA and Electronics University of Puerto Rico at Humacao, Humacao PR 00791, USA ), AC(Department of Physics and Electronics University of Puerto Rico at Humacao, Humacao PR 00791, USA; Department of Astronomy, Columbia University, 550 West 120th Street, Mail Code 5246, New York, NY 10027, USA) Publication: The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 699, Issue 1, pp. 716-721 (2009). Publication Date: 07/2009 Origin: IOP ApJ Keywords: galaxies: structure, H II regions, ISM: clouds, radio lines: ISM DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/699/1/716 Bibliographic Code: 2009ApJ...699..716C Abstract The distribution of the H166alpha radio recombination line emission at the end of the first quadrant is obtained and compared with the distribution of H I and other young objects. The data analyzed lie in the Galactic longitude range between l = 60° and l = 91° and was observed with single dish antenna at 1.4 GHz. The extended low-density warm ionized medium (ELDWIM) is used to trace the Local Spur (LS), which is strongly correlated with neutral hydrogen and low-brightness H II regions. The Galactic distribution of gas in the (X, Y, z) Galactic coordinates yields the location of ionized hydrogen in an arclike structure at an almost constant distance of 8 kpc from the galactic center. The ELDWIM and the low-brightness H II region define the LS; it is located between r sime 0.5 and 5 kpc from the Sun. We found sources of ionized gas at larger distances; they are probably located in the Perseus arm. The structure of the LS does not seem to join the Perseus arm at farther distances, a fact gleaned from the H I emission. The LS is very thick between 2 and 5 kpc, where the ionized gas spreads from z sime --150 to +250 pc. The z distribution of the ionized gas appears tilted with respect to the Galactic plane, which starts at 3 kpc from the Sun and runs toward higher galactocentric radii on the Perseus arm. Title: Bipolar Resistive Electrical Switching of CuTCNQ Memories Incorporating a Dedicated Switching Layer Authors: Muller, Robert; Krebs, Christoph; Goux, Ludovic; Wouters, Dirk J.; Genoe, Jan; Heremans, Paul; Spiga, Sabina; Fanciulli, Marco Publication: IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 30, issue 6, pp. 620-622 Publication Date: 06/2009 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1109/LED.2009.2020521 Bibliographic Code: 2009IEDL...30..620M Abstract Not Available Title: Climate model sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 concentrations for the middle Miocene Authors: Tong, J. A.; You, Y.; Müller, R. D.; Seton, M. Publication: Global and Planetary Change, v. 67, iss. 3-4, p. 129-140. Publication Date: 06/2009 Origin: ELSEVIER Bibliographic Code: 2009GPC....67..129T Abstract Not Available Title: Enhancement mode double top gated MOS nanostructures with tunable lateral geometry Authors: Nordberg, E. P.; Ten Eyck, G. A.; Stalford, H. L.; Muller, R. P.; Young, R. W.; Eng, K.; Tracy, L. A.; Childs, K. D.; Wendt, J. R.; Grubbs, R. K.; Stevens, J.; Lilly, M. P.; Eriksson, M. A.; Carroll, M. S. Publication: eprint arXiv:0906.3748 Publication Date: 06/2009 Origin: ARXIV Keywords: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables Bibliographic Code: 2009arXiv0906.3748N Abstract We present measurements of silicon (Si) metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) nanostructures that are fabricated using a process that facilitates essentially arbitrary gate geometries. Stable Coulomb blockade behavior free from the effects of parasitic dot formation is exhibited in several MOS quantum dots with an open lateral quantum dot geometry. Decreases in mobility and increases in charge defect densities (i.e. interface traps and fixed oxide charge) are measured for critical process steps, and we correlate low disorder behavior with a quantitative defect density. This work provides quantitative guidance that has not been previously established about defect densities for which Si quantum dots do not exhibit parasitic dot formation. These devices make use of a double-layer gate stack in which many regions, including the critical gate oxide, were fabricated in a fully-qualified CMOS facility. Title: S@tMax---A space-based system enabling mobile IP applications in vehicles Authors: Arcioni, Marco; Daehler, Erik; M{\"{u}}ller, Robert P.; van der Meulen, Wencke Publication: Acta Astronautica, v. 64, iss. 11-12, p. 1167-1179. Publication Date: 06/2009 Origin: ELSEVIER Bibliographic Code: 2009AcAau..64.1167A Abstract Not Available Title: In silico biology of bone modelling and remodelling: adaptation Authors: Gerhard, F. A.; Webster, D. J.; van Lenthe, G. H.; Muller, R. Publication: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 367, issue 1895, pp. 2011-2030 Publication Date: 05/2009 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2008.0297 Bibliographic Code: 2009RSPTA.367.2011G Abstract Not Available Title: The residual configurational entropy below the glass transition: Determination for two commercial optical glasses Authors: Fotheringham, Ulrich; Baltes, Andrea; Müller, Rolf; Conradt, Reinhard Publication: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 355, issue 10-12, pp. 642-652 Publication Date: 05/2009 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2009.01.028 Bibliographic Code: 2009JNCS..355..642F Abstract Not Available Title: Ferrofluids of magnetic multicore nanoparticles for biomedical applications Authors: Dutz, Silvio; Clement, Joachim H.; Eberbeck, Dietmar; Gelbrich, Thorsten; Hergt, Rudolf; Müller, Robert; Wotschadlo, Jana; Zeisberger, Matthias Affiliation: AA(Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany), AB(Department Internal Medicine II, University Clinic Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07740 Jena, Germany), AC(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AD(Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany), AE(Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany), AF(Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany), AG(Department Internal Medicine II, University Clinic Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07740 Jena, Germany), AH(Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany) Publication: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Volume 321, Issue 10, p. 1501-1504. Publication Date: 05/2009 Origin: ELSEVIER Abstract Copyright: Elsevier B.V. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.02.073 Bibliographic Code: 2009JMMM..321.1501D Abstract For a variety of magnetically based biomedical applications, it is advantageous to use sedimentation stable suspensions of relatively large (d>20 nm) magnetic core--shell nanoparticles. Water-based suspensions of multicore nanoparticles were prepared by coating of the particles (synthesized by means of a modified alkaline precipitation method) with a carboxymethyldextran shell. The resulting ferrofluids were structurally and magnetically characterized. It was found that these fluids show a specific heating power of about 60 W/g (f=400 kHz, H=10 kA/m). This value was increased up to 330 W/g by a simple fractionation method based on centrifugation. Finally, the cellular uptake of the multicore nanoparticles was demonstrated. Title: Magnetic nanoparticles coated with carboxymethylated polysaccharide shells---Interaction with human cells Authors: Wotschadlo, Jana; Liebert, Tim; Heinze, Thomas; Wagner, Kerstin; Schnabelrauch, Matthias; Dutz, Silvio; Müller, Robert; Steiniger, Frank; Schwalbe, Manuela; Kroll, Torsten C.; Höffken, Klaus; Buske, Norbert; Clement, Joachim H. Affiliation: AA(Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07740 Jena, Germany), AB(Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany), AC(Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany), AD(Innovent e.V., Prüssingstrasse 27b, D-07745 Jena, Germany), AE(Innovent e.V., Prüssingstrasse 27b, D-07745 Jena, Germany), AF(Institute of Photonic Technology, A.-Einstein-Strasse 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany), AG(Institute of Photonic Technology, A.-Einstein-Strasse 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany), AH(Center for Electron Microscopy, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany), AI(Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07740 Jena, Germany), AJ(Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07740 Jena, Germany), AK(Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07740 Jena, Germany), AL(MagneticFluids, Köpenicker Landstrasse 203, D-12437 Berlin, Germany), AM(Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07740 Jena, Germany) Publication: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Volume 321, Issue 10, p. 1469-1473. Publication Date: 05/2009 Origin: ELSEVIER Abstract Copyright: Elsevier B.V. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.02.069 Bibliographic Code: 2009JMMM..321.1469W Abstract The interaction of magnetic core shell nanoparticles with living cells depends on the structure of the shell. In this paper we demonstrate a strong difference in the cell--nanoparticle interaction depending on the backbone of carboxymethylated polysaccharides used as shell material. Carboxymethyl cellulose with its beta-1-->4 linked structure and the carboxymethylated pullulan [alpha-1-->6 linked maltotriose with alpha-1-->4 linkages] show a constant interaction rate with both, tumor cells and leukocytes. In contrast, carboxymethyl dextran with a alpha-1-->6 linked backbone exhibits a rapid interaction kinetic with tumor cells that is reduced with leukocytes as target. Title: Monotone Volume Formulas for Geometric Flows Authors: Müller, Reto Publication: eprint arXiv:0905.2328 Publication Date: 05/2009 Origin: ARXIV Keywords: Mathematics - Differential Geometry Comment: 17 pages. To appear in J. Reine Ang. Math. (Crelles) Bibliographic Code: 2009arXiv0905.2328M Abstract We consider a closed manifold M with a Riemannian metric g(t) evolving in direction -2S(t) where S(t) is a symmetric two-tensor on (M,g(t)). We prove that if S satisfies a certain tensor inequality, then one can construct a forwards and a backwards reduced volume quantity, the former being non-increasing, the latter being non-decreasing along the flow. In the case where S=Ric is the Ricci curvature of M, the result corresponds to Perelman's well-known reduced volume monotonicity for the Ricci flow. Some other examples are given in the second section of this article, the main examples and motivation for this work being List's extended Ricci flow system, the Ricci flow coupled with harmonic map heat flow and the mean curvature flow in Lorentzian manifolds with nonnegative sectional curvatures. With our approach, we find new monotonicity formulas for these flows. Title: A Physicist Looks at the Terrorist Threat Authors: Muller, Richard Publication: American Physical Society, 2009 APS April Meeting, May 2-5, 2009, abstract \#P1.003 Publication Date: 05/2009 Origin: APS Bibliographic Code: 2009APS..APR.P1003M Abstract Many people fear a terrorist nuclear device, smuggled into the United States, as the one weapon that could surpass the destruction and impact of 9-11. I'll review the design of nuclear weapons, with emphasis on the kinds that can be developed by rogue nations, terrorist groups, and high-school students. Saddam, prior to the first gulf war, was developing a uranium bomb, similar to the one that destroyed Hiroshima. His calutrons (named after my university) were destroyed by the United Nations. The North Korean nuclear weapon was, like the U.S. bomb used on Nagasaki, based on plutonium. Its test released the energy equivalent of about 400 tons of TNT. Although some people have speculated that they were attempting to build a small bomb, it is far more likely that this weapon was a fizzle, with less than 1 percent of the plutonium exploded. In contrast, the energy released from burning jet fuel at the 9-11 World Trade Center attack was the equivalent of 900 tons of TNT for each plane -- over twice that of the North Korean Nuke. The damage came from the fact that gasoline delivers 10 kilocalories per gram, about 15 times the energy of an equal weight of TNT. It is this huge energy per gram that also accounts for our addiction to gasoline; per gram, high performance lithium-ion computer batteries carry only 1 percent as much energy. A dirty bomb (radiological weapon) is also unattractive to terrorists because of the threhold effect: doses less than 100 rem produce no radiation illness and will leave no dead bodies at the scene. That may be why al Qaeda instructed Jose Padilla to abandon his plans for a dirty bomb attack in Chicago, and to try a fossil fuel attack (natural gas) instead. I will argue that the biggest terrorist threat is the conventional low-tech one, such as an airplane attack on a crowded stadium using the explosive fuel that they can legally buy at the corner station. Title: The swingby mechanism analyzed with a new graphical formalism for three-dimensional elastic collisions Authors: Müller, Rainer Affiliation: Technische Universität Braunschweig, Physikdidaktik, Pockelsstr. 11, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany Publication: American Journal of Physics, Volume 77, Issue 4, pp. 354-359 (2009). Publication Date: 04/2009 Origin: AIP Keywords: celestial mechanics, conservation laws, Jupiter, momentum, physics education, teaching Abstract Copyright: (c) 2009: American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1119/1.3072898 Bibliographic Code: 2009AmJPh..77..354M Abstract We introduce a simple graphical formalism for analyzing three-dimensional elastic collisions using energy and momentum conservation. We use the formalism to elucidate the physics of the swingby mechanism. As an example we treat the encounter of Pioneer 10 with Jupiter in 1973. Title: The size distribution of magnetic bright points derived from Hinode/SOT observations Authors: Utz, D.; Hanslmeier, A.; Möstl, C.; Muller, R.; Veronig, A.; Muthsam, H. Affiliation: AA(IGAM/Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria), AC(IGAM/Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstraße 6, 8042 Graz, Austria), AD(Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Toulouse et Tarbes, UMR 5572, CNRS et Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, 57 avenue d'Azereix, 65000 Tarbes, France), AE(IGAM/Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria), AF(Institute of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Nordbergstraße 15, 1090 Wien, Austria) Publication: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 498, Issue 1, 2009, pp.289-293 Publication Date: 04/2009 Origin: EDP Keywords: Sun: photosphere, magnetic fields, techniques: image processing DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/200810867 Bibliographic Code: 2009A&A...498..289U Abstract Context: Magnetic bright points (MBPs) are small-scale magnetic features in the solar photosphere. They may be a possible source of coronal heating by rapid footpoint motions that cause magnetohydrodynamical waves. The number and size distribution are of vital importance in estimating the small scale-magnetic-field energy. Aims: The size distribution of MBPs is derived for G-band images acquired by the Hinode/SOT instrument. Methods: For identification purposes, a new automated segmentation and identification algorithm was developed. Results: For a sampling of 0.108 arcsec/pixel, we derived a mean diameter of (218 ± 48) km for the MBPs. For the full resolved data set with a sampling of 0.054 arcsec/pixel, the size distribution shifted to a mean diameter of (166 ± 31) km. The determined diameters are consistent with earlier published values. The shift is most probably due to the different spatial sampling. Conclusions: We conclude that the smallest magnetic elements in the solar photosphere cannot yet be resolved by G-band observations. The influence of discretisation effects (sampling) has also not yet been investigated sufficiently. Title: Xenon DPP source technologies for EUVL exposure tools Authors: Yoshioka, Masaki; Bolshukhin, Denis; Corthout, Marc; Derra, Günther H.; Götze, Sven; Jonkers, Jeroen; Kleinschmidt, Jürgen; Müller, Rainer; Schürmann, Max C.; Schriever, Guido; Snijkers, Rob; Zink, Peter Affiliation: AA(XTREME technologies GmbH (Germany)), AB(XTREME technologies GmbH (Germany)), AC(Philips Extreme UV GmbH (Germany)), AD(Philips Research (Germany)), AE(XTREME technologies GmbH (Germany)), AF(Philips Extreme UV GmbH (Germany)), AG(XTREME technologies GmbH (Germany)), AH(XTREME technologies GmbH (Germany)), AI(XTREME technologies GmbH (Germany)), AJ(XTREME technologies GmbH (Germany)), AK(Philips Extreme UV GmbH (Germany)), AL(Philips Extreme UV GmbH (Germany)) Publication: Alternative Lithographic Technologies. Edited by Yoshioka, Masaki; Bolshukhin, Denis; Corthout, Marc; Derra, Günther H.; Götze, Sven; Jonkers, Jeroen; Kleinschmidt, Jürgen; Müller, Rainer; Schürmann, Max C.; Schriever, Guido; Snijkers, Rob; Zink, Peter. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 7271, pp. 727109-727109-8 (2009). Publication Date: 03/2009 Origin: AIP Abstract Copyright: (c) 2009: American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1117/12.814100 Bibliographic Code: 2009SPIE.7271E...7Y Abstract The learning gained in previous developments for EUV Micro Exposure and Alpha Tools builds the basis for the EUVL source development at XTREME technologies and Philips EUV. Field data available from operation of these tools are in use for continuous improvements in core technology areas such as plasma generation and forming, component reliability, debris mitigation and optical performance. Results from integration and operation of alpha tool sources are presented in the areas power performance, component lifetime and debris mitigation efficiency. The analysis results and simulation work of the realized EUV source concept are discussed and innovative concepts for component and module improvements are introduced. The technological limit for the Xenon based sources seems to be reached on alpha performance level. Therefore the next EUV source generations are based on Tin to increase the efficiency and full performance of those sources. For the Betatool and HVM source generations a joint development work between XTREME technologies and Philips EUV is introduced. The related work is content of another presentation of this conference. Title: Atomistic simulations of adiabatic coherent electron transport in triple donor systems Authors: Rahman, Rajib; Park, Seung H.; Cole, Jared H.; Greentree, Andrew D.; Muller, Richard P.; Klimeck, Gerhard; Hollenberg, Lloyd C. L. Publication: eprint arXiv:0903.1142 Publication Date: 03/2009 Origin: ARXIV Keywords: Condensed Matter - Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures Bibliographic Code: 2009arXiv0903.1142R Abstract A solid-state analogue of Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage can be implemented in a triple well solid-state system to coherently transport an electron across the wells with exponentially suppressed occupation in the central well at any point of time. Termed coherent tunneling adiabatic passage (CTAP), this method provides a robust way to transfer quantum information encoded in the electronic spin across a chain of quantum dots or donors. Using large scale atomistic tight-binding simulations involving over 3.5 million atoms, we verify the existence of a CTAP pathway in a realistic solid-state system: gated triple donors in silicon. Realistic gate profiles from commercial tools were combined with tight-binding methods to simulate gate control of the donor to donor tunnel barriers in the presence of cross-talk. As CTAP is an adiabatic protocol, it can be analyzed by solving the time independent problem at various stages of the pulse - justifying the use of time-independent tight-binding methods to this problem. Our results show that a three donor CTAP transfer, with inter-donor spacing of 15 nm can occur on timescales greater than 23 ps, well within experimentally accessible regimes. The method not only provides a tool to guide future CTAP experiments, but also illuminates the possibility of system engineering to enhance control and transfer times. Title: Dynamic behavior of polyelectrolyte multilayer investigated by thin film calorimetry. Authors: Huth, H.; M{\"{u}}ller, R.; Fery, A.; Schick, C. Publication: American Physical Society, 2009 APS March Meeting, March 16-20, 2009, abstract \#X19.008 Publication Date: 03/2009 Origin: APS Bibliographic Code: 2009APS..MARX19008H Abstract Polyelectrolyte multilayer can be easily assembled using spraying or dipping of the different polyelectrolytes [1]. The thickness of the produced layers (nanometer range) is well controlled by the preparation conditions. Only a few methods are available for dynamic investigations, as afm for mechanical properties [2]. AC-chip calorimetry is used as a very sensitive tool for calorimetric investigations of such thin films as demonstrated for thin polymeric films in a wide frequency range [3]. To investigate the dynamic behavior of polyelectrolytes the humidity is used as a new parameter in addition to temperature for calorimetry. First measurements with the modified calorimeter for the PSS/PDADMAC polyelectrolyte multilayer system are shown. Further extensions of the calorimeter for better understanding of the phase behavior are discussed. [1] Decher, G. and J.D. Hong, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 1991. 95(11): 1430. [2] M{\"{u}}ller, R., et al. Macromolecules, 2005. 38(23): 9766. [3] Huth, H., Minakov, A. A., Schick, C., J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 2006 44: 2996. Title: A~model study of the January 2006 low total ozone episode over Western Europe and comparison with ozone sonde data Authors: Mangold, A.; Grooß, J.-U.; de Backer, H.; Kirner, O.; Ruhnke, R.; Müller, R. Affiliation: AA(Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, AB(Research Centre Jülich, Institute for Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere 1: Stratosphere, Jülich, Germany), AC(Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, Brussels, Belgium), AD(Research Centre Karlsruhe, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, IMK, Karlsruhe, Germany), AE(Research Centre Karlsruhe, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, IMK, Karlsruhe, Germany), AF(Research Centre Jülich, Institute for Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere 1: Stratosphere, Jülich, Germany) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Volume 9, Issue 2, 2009, pp.6003-6060 Publication Date: 03/2009 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2009ACPD....9.6003M Abstract Total column and stratospheric ozone levels at mid-latitudes often reveal strong fluctuations on time scales of days caused by dynamic processes. In some cases the total ozone column is distinctly reduced below climatological values. Here, a very low total ozone episode around 19 January 2006 over Western Europe is investigated when the observed total ozone column over Uccle (BE), measured by a Brewer spectrophotometer, reached a daily minimum of 200 DU, the lowest recorded value at this station. In order to investigate the mechanisms leading to the ozone minimum, the present study used data from (i) six ozone sounding stations in Western and Middle Europe, (ii) ECMWF meteorological fields, (iii) a simulation of the CLaMS model for January 2006, (iv) a multi-year run of the chemistry transport model KASIMA, and (v) a six-year run of the climate chemistry model ECHAM5/MESSy1. The ozone decrease at different heights was quantified and it was determined to what extent different transport mechanisms, and instantaneous, in-situ chemical ozone depletion contributed to the event. All three models reproduced well the evolution and formation of the event. The ozone column decrease between Θ=300 and 750 K was strongest at Uccle (BE) and De Bilt (NL) with 108 and 103 DU, respectively, and somewhat lower at Hohenpeissenberg (DE), Payerne (CH), Prague (CZ) and Lerwick (UK) with 85, 84, 83 and 74 DU, respectively. Our analysis demonstrated that mainly the displacement of the ozone depleted polar vortex contributed to the ozone column decrease (between 55 and 82%), compared to the advection of ozone-poor low-latitude air in the UTLS region, connected with divergence of air out of the column caused by uplift of isentropes in the lower stratosphere. This dominance was significant only at Lerwick, De Bilt and Uccle. Severe low total ozone episodes seem to occur preferentially when the two mentioned transport mechanisms occur at the same time. Instantaneous, in-situ chemical ozone depletion accounted for only 2±1% of the overall total ozone decrease at the sounding stations. Title: Operational climate monitoring from space: the EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM-SAF) Authors: Schulz, J.; Albert, P.; Behr, H.-D.; Caprion, D.; Deneke, H.; Dewitte, S.; Dürr, B.; Fuchs, P.; Gratzki, A.; Hechler, P.; Hollmann, R.; Johnston, S.; Karlsson, K.-G.; Manninen, T.; Müller, R.; Reuter, M.; Riihelä, A.; Roebeling, R.; Selbach, N.; Tetzlaff, A.; Thomas, W.; Werscheck, M.; Wolters, E.; Zelenka, A. Affiliation: AA(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Frankfurter Straße 135, 63004 Offenbach, Germany (DWD), Frankfurter Straße 135, 63004 Offenbach, Germany), AC(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Frankfurter Straße 135, 63004 Offenbach, Germany), AD(Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMI), Ringlaan 3 Avenue Circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium), AE(Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI), Wilhelminalaan 10 3732 GK De Bilt, The Netherlands), AF(Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMI), Ringlaan 3 Avenue Circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium), AG(MeteoSchweiz, P.O. Box 514, 8044 Zürich, Switzerland), AH(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Frankfurter Straße 135, 63004 Offenbach, Germany), AI(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Frankfurter Straße 135, 63004 Offenbach, Germany), AJ(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Frankfurter Straße 135, 63004 Offenbach, Germany), AK(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Frankfurter Straße 135, 63004 Offenbach, Germany), AL(Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Folkborgsvägen 1, 601 76 Norrköping, Sweden), AM(Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Folkborgsvägen 1, 601 76 Norrköping, Sweden), AN(Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland), AO(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Frankfurter Straße 135, 63004 Offenbach, Germany), AP(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Frankfurter Straße 135, 63004 Offenbach, Germany), AQ(Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland), AR(Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI), Wilhelminalaan 10 3732 GK De Bilt, The Netherlands), AS(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Frankfurter Straße 135, 63004 Offenbach, Germany), AT(Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Folkborgsvägen 1, 601 76 Norrköping, Sweden), AU(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Frankfurter Straße 135, 63004 Offenbach, Germany), AV(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Frankfurter Straße 135, 63004 Offenbach, Germany), AW(Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI), Wilhelminalaan 10 3732 GK De Bilt, The Netherlands), AX(MeteoSchweiz, P.O. Box 514, 8044 Zürich, Switzerland) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 9, Issue 5, 2009, pp.1687-1709 Publication Date: 03/2009 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2009ACP.....9.1687S Abstract The Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM-SAF) aims at the provision of satellite-derived geophysical parameter data sets suitable for climate monitoring. CM-SAF provides climatologies for Essential Climate Variables (ECV), as required by the Global Climate Observing System implementation plan in support of the UNFCCC. Several cloud parameters, surface albedo, radiation fluxes at the top of the atmosphere and at the surface as well as atmospheric temperature and humidity products form a sound basis for climate monitoring of the atmosphere. The products are categorized in monitoring data sets obtained in near real time and data sets based on carefully intercalibrated radiances. The CM-SAF products are derived from several instruments on-board operational satellites in geostationary and polar orbit as the Meteosat and NOAA satellites, respectively. The existing data sets will be continued using data from the instruments on-board the new joint NOAA/EUMETSAT Meteorological Operational Polar satellite. The products have mostly been validated against several ground-based data sets both in situ and remotely sensed. The accomplished accuracy for products derived in near real time is sufficient to monitor variability on diurnal and seasonal scales. The demands on accuracy increase the longer the considered time scale is. Thus, interannual variability or trends can only be assessed if the sensor data are corrected for jumps created by instrument changes on successive satellites and more subtle effects like instrument and orbit drift and also changes to the spectral response function of an instrument. Thus, a central goal of the recently started Continuous Development and Operations Phase of the CM-SAF (2007--2012) is to further improve all CM-SAF data products to a quality level that allows for studies of interannual variability. Title: Measurement of the distribution parameters of size and magnetic properties of magnetic nanoparticles for medical applications Authors: Zeisberger, M.; Dutz, S.; Lehnert, J.; Müller, R. Affiliation: Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str.9, Germany Publication: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 149, Issue 1, pp. 012115 (2009). Publication Date: 02/2009 Origin: IOP DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/149/1/012115 Bibliographic Code: 2009JPhCS.149a2115Z Abstract Magnetic nanoparticles usually show a broad size distribution resulting in a corresponding distribution of the magnetic properties. One important goal of particle development is the reduction of the distribution width of the relevant quantities. In this contribution we show that for magnetic nanoparticles with sizes above the superparamagnetic range the measurement of remanence curves provides the required information. From these data we can obtain the remanence ratio and the switching field distribution which can be used as a quality criterion in the development of this type of magnetic nanoparticles. Title: Effects of the quasi-biennial oscillation on low-latitude transport in the stratosphere derived from trajectory calculations Authors: Punge, H. J.; Konopka, P.; Giorgetta, M. A.; Müller, R. Affiliation: AA(International Max Planck Research School on Earth System Modelling, Hamburg, Germany); AB(Forschungszentrum Jülich (ICG-1: Stratosphäre), Jülich, Germany); AC(Atmosphere in the Earth System, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany); AD(Forschungszentrum Jülich (ICG-1: Stratosphäre), Jülich, Germany) Publication: Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 114, Issue D3, CiteID D03102 Publication Date: 02/2009 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: constituent transport and chemistry (3334), Atmospheric Processes: Middle atmosphere dynamics (0341, 0342), Atmospheric Processes: General circulation (1223), Atmospheric Processes: Climate change and variability (1616, 1635, 3309, 4215, 4513) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2009: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2008JD010518 Bibliographic Code: 2009JGRD..11403102P Abstract The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of stratospheric zonal winds induces a secondary meridional circulation (SMC) consisting of QBO variations in meridional and vertical winds. In this work, we investigate how these instantaneous meridional circulation anomalies add over time to variations of stratospheric transport. To that end, we compute backward parcel trajectories on the basis of the output of a chemistry-climate model (CCM). At the equator, the trajectories show the strongest vertical parcel displacement over a seasonal timescale when the QBO progresses toward easterly phase in the middle stratosphere. During the solstitial seasons a large number of parcels come from the summer hemisphere, causing in addition a QBO variation in the spread of the total ascent among equatorial parcels. A QBO effect on meridional transport is diagnosed from PV gradients during summer in the easterly phase of the QBO, which suggests a variation of the tropical-subtropical barrier strength. Analyses of the parcel trajectories and CCM trace gas distributions confirm this finding. We suggest that this variation is due to the combined effects of QBO and annual variation in meridional advection and in wave-induced eddy transport. Title: On the lattice parameters of silicon carbide Authors: Stockmeier, M.; Müller, R.; Sakwe, S. A.; Wellmann, P. J.; Magerl, A. Affiliation: AA(Crystallography and Structural Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany), AB(Materials Department 6, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martenstrasse 7, Erlangen 91058, Germany), AC(Materials Department 6, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martenstrasse 7, Erlangen 91058, Germany), AD(Materials Department 6, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martenstrasse 7, Erlangen 91058, Germany), AE(Crystallography and Structural Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany) Publication: Journal of Applied Physics, Volume 105, Issue 3, pp. 033511-033511-4 (2009). Publication Date: 02/2009 Origin: AIP Keywords: aluminium, boron, high-temperature effects, lattice constants, nitrogen, semiconductor doping, silicon compounds, thermal expansion, wide band gap semiconductors Abstract Copyright: (c) 2009: American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.3074301 Bibliographic Code: 2009JAP...105c3511S Abstract The thermal expansion coefficients of the hexagonal SiC polytypes 4H and 6H and with Al and N dopants have been determined for temperatures between 300 and 1770 K. Further, a set of the room temperature lattice parameters in dependence on doping with N, Al, and B has been obtained. Data for the thermal expansion were taken on a triple axis diffractometer for high energy x rays with a photon energy of 60 keV, which allows the use of large single crystals with a volume of at least 6×6×6 mm3 without the need to consider absorption. The room temperature measurements for samples with different dopants have been performed on a four-circle diffractometer. The thermal expansion coefficients along the a- and c-directions, alpha11 and alpha33, increase from 3×10-6 K-1 at 300 K to 6×10-6 K-1 at 1750 K. It is found that alpha11 and alpha33 are isotropic within 107 K-1. At high temperatures both coefficients for doped samples are ~0.2×10-6 and 0.3×10-6 K-1 lower than for the undoped material. Title: Simulation of the Middle Miocene Climate Optimum Authors: You, Y.; Huber, M.; Müller, R. D.; Poulsen, C. J.; Ribbe, J. Affiliation: AA(School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia); AB(Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA); AC(School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia); AD(Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA); AE(Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia) Publication: Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 36, Issue 4, CiteID L04702 Publication Date: 02/2009 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Atmospheric Processes: Paleoclimatology (0473, 4900), Paleoceanography: Global climate models (1626, 3337), Paleoceanography: Sea surface temperature, Information Related to Geologic Time: Cenozoic, Biogeosciences: Paleoclimatology and paleoceanography (3344, 4900) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2009: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2008GL036571 Bibliographic Code: 2009GeoRL..3604702Y Abstract Proxy data constraining land and ocean surface paleo-temperatures indicate that the Middle Miocene Climate Optimum (MMCO), a global warming event at ~15 Ma, had a global annual mean surface temperature of 18.4°C, about 3°C higher than present and equivalent to the warming predicted for the next century. We apply the latest National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model CAM3.1 and Land Model CLM3.0 coupled to a slab ocean to examine sensitivity of MMCO climate to varying ocean heat fluxes derived from paleo sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, using detailed reconstructions of Middle Miocene boundary conditions including paleogeography, elevation, vegetation and surface temperatures. Our model suggests that to maintain MMCO warmth consistent with proxy data, the required atmospheric CO2 concentration is about 460-580 ppmv, narrowed from the most recent estimate of 300-600 ppmv. Title: Past and present seafloor age distributions and the temporal evolution of plate tectonic heat transport Authors: Becker, Thorsten W.; Conrad, Clinton P.; Buffett, Bruce; Müller, R. Dietmar Affiliation: AA(Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA), AB(Department of Geology and Geophysics, SOEST, University of Hawaii, Honolulu HI, USA), AC(University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA), AD(EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia) Publication: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 278, Issue 3-4, p. 233-242. Publication Date: 02/2009 Origin: ELSEVIER Abstract Copyright: Elsevier B.V. DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.007 Bibliographic Code: 2009E&PSL.278..233B Abstract Variations in Earth's rates of seafloor generation and recycling have far-reaching consequences for sea level, ocean chemistry, and climate. However, there is little agreement on the correct parameterization for the time-dependent evolution of plate motions. A strong constraint is given by seafloor age distributions, which are affected by variations in average spreading rate, ridge length, and the age distribution of seafloor being removed by subduction. Using a simplified evolution model, we explore which physical parameterizations of these quantities are compatible with broad trends in the area per seafloor age statistics for the present-day and back to 140 Ma from paleo-age reconstructions. We show that a probability of subduction based on plate buoyancy (slab-pull, or ``sqrt(age)'') and a time-varying spreading rate fits the observed age distributions as well as, or better than, a subduction probability consistent with an unvarying ``triangular'' age distribution and age-independent destruction of ocean floor. Instead, we interpret the present near-triangular distribution of ages as a snapshot of a transient state of the evolving oceanic plate system. Current seafloor ages still contain hints of a ˜ 60 Myr periodicity in seafloor production, and using paleoages, we find that a ˜ 250 Myr period variation is consistent with geologically-based reconstructions of production rate variations. These long-period variations also imply a decrease of oceanic heat flow by ˜ - 0.25%/Ma during the last 140 Ma, caused by a 25 50% decrease in the rate of seafloor production. Our study offers an improved understanding of the non-uniformitarian evolution of plate tectonics and the interplay between continental cycles and the self-organization of the oceanic plates. Title: Long-wavelength tilting of the Australian continent since the Late Cretaceous Authors: Dicaprio, Lydia; Gurnis, Michael; Müller, R. Dietmar Affiliation: AA(School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA), AB(Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA), AC(School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia) Publication: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 278, Issue 3-4, p. 175-185. Publication Date: 02/2009 Origin: ELSEVIER Abstract Copyright: Elsevier B.V. DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.11.030 Bibliographic Code: 2009E&PSL.278..175D Abstract Global sea level and the pattern of marine inundation on the Australian continent are inconsistent. We quantify this inconsistency and show that it is partly due to a long wavelength, anomalous, downward tilting of the continent to the northeast by 300 m since the Eocene. This downward tilting occurred as Australia approached the subduction systems in South East Asia and is recorded by the progressive inundation of the northern margin of Australia. From the Oligocene to the Pliocene, the long wavelength trend of anomalous topography shows that the southern margin of Australia is characterized by relative subsidence. We quantify the anomalous topography of the Australian continent by computing the displacement needed to reconcile the interpreted pattern of marine incursion with a predicted topography in the presence of global sea level variations. On the southern margin, long wavelength subsidence was augmented by at least 250 m of shorter wavelength anomalous subsidence, consistent with the passage of the southern continental margin over a north south elongated, 500 km wide, topographic anomaly approximately fixed with respect to the mantle. The present day reconstructed position of this depth anomaly is aligned with the Australian Antarctic Discordance and is consistent with the predicted passage of the Australian continent over a previously subducted slab. Both the long-wavelength continental tilting and smaller-scale paleo-topographic anomaly on the southern Australian margin may have been caused by subduction-generated dynamic topography. These new constraints on continental vertical motion are consistent with the hypothesis that mantle convection induced topography is of the same order of magnitude as global sea level change. Title: Viscosity, relaxation and elastic properties of photo-thermo-refractive glass Authors: Deubener, J.; Bornhoft, H.; Reinsch, S.; Muller, R.; Lumeau, J.; Glebova, L.; Glebov, L. Publication: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 355, issue 2, pp. 126-131 Publication Date: 01/2009 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2008.10.002 Bibliographic Code: 2009JNCS..355..126D Abstract Not Available Title: Linking active margin dynamics to overriding plate deformation: Synthesizing geophysical images with geological data from the Norfolk Basin Authors: DiCaprio, Lydia; Müller, R. Dietmar; Gurnis, Michael; Goncharov, Alexey Affiliation: AA(School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia); AB(School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia); AC(Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA); AD(Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia) Publication: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, Volume 10, Issue 1, CiteID Q01004 Publication Date: 01/2009 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Marine Geology and Geophysics: Back-arc basin processes, History of Geophysics: Tectonophysics, Marine Geology and Geophysics: Seafloor morphology, geology, and geophysics Abstract Copyright: (c) 2009: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2008GC002222 Bibliographic Code: 2009GGG....1001004D Abstract The Tonga-Kermadec subduction system in the southwest Pacific preserves a series of crustal elements and sediments which have recorded subduction initiation, rift, and back-arc basin formation. The Norfolk Basin is the farthest landward of all back-arc basins formed in the Tonga-Kermadec region and may preserve the earliest record of subduction initiation regionally. For the Norfolk Basin, we use a set of multibeam bathymetry, magnetic, and seismic reflection and refraction data to constrain basin structure and the mode and timing of formation. A structural interpretation reveals a two-stage tectonic evolution: (1) a convergent tectonic regime until 38-34 Ma, alternatively related to island arc collision or subduction initiation, and (2) lithospheric extension after 34 Ma. These observations may help to constrain mechanical models that predict rapid extension following convergence of the overriding plate during subduction initiation or arc reversals. Title: Evaluation of CLaMS, KASIMA and ECHAM5/MESSy1 simulations in the lower stratosphere using observations of Odin/SMR and ILAS/ILAS-II Authors: Khosrawi, F.; Müller, R.; Proffitt, M. H.; Ruhnke, R.; Kirner, O.; Jöckel, P.; Grooß, J.-U.; Urban, J.; Murtagh, D.; Nakajima, H. Affiliation: AA(ICG-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; now at: MISU, Stockholm University, 10691 Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AC(Proffitt Instruments, 1109 Havre Lafitte Drive, Austin, Texas 78746, USA), AD(IMK, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany), AE(IMK, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany), AF(MPI for Chemistry (Otto Hahn Insitute), 55128 Mainz, Germany), AG(ICG-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AH(Dept. of Radio and Space Science, Chalmers Univ. of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden), AI(Dept. of Radio and Space Science, Chalmers Univ. of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden), AJ(NIES, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506 Japan) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Volume 9, Issue 1, 2009, pp.1977-2020 Publication Date: 01/2009 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2009ACPD....9.1977K Abstract 1-year data sets of monthly averaged nitrous oxide (N2O) and ozone (O3) derived from satellite measurements were used as a tool for the evaluation of atmospheric photochemical models. Two 1-year data sets, one derived from the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS and ILAS-II) and one from the Odin Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (Odin/SMR) were employed. Here, these data sets are used for the evaluation of two Chemical Transport Models (CTMs), the Karlsruhe Simulation Model of the Middle Atmosphere (KASIMA) and the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) as well as for one Chemistry-Climate Model (CCM), the atmospheric chemistry general circulation model ECHAM5/MESSy1 (E5M1) in the lower stratosphere with focus on the Northern Hemisphere. Since the Odin/SMR measurements cover the entire hemisphere, the evaluation is performed for the entire hemisphere as well as for the low latitudes, midlatitudes and high latitudes using the Odin/SMR 1-year data set as reference. To assess the impact of using different data sets for such an evaluation study we repeat the evaluation for the polar lower stratosphere using the ILAS/ILAS-II data set. Only small differences were found using ILAS/ILAS-II instead of Odin/SMR as a reference, thus, showing that the results are not influenced by the particular satellite data set used for the evaluation. The evaluation of CLaMS, KASIMA and E5M1 shows that all models are in good agreement with Odin/SMR and ILAS/ILAS-II. Differences are generally in the range of ±20%. Larger differences (up to -40%) are found in all models at 500±25 K for N2O mixing ratios greater than 200 ppb. Generally, the largest differences were found for the tropics and the lowest for the polar regions. However, an underestimation of polar winter ozone loss was found both in KASIMA and E5M1 both in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. Title: The SCOUT-O3 Darwin Aircraft Campaign: rationale and meteorology Authors: Brunner, D.; Siegmund, P.; May, P. T.; Chappel, L.; Schiller, C.; Müller, R.; Peter, T.; Fueglistaler, S.; MacKenzie, A. R.; Fix, A.; Schlager, H.; Allen, G.; Fjaeraa, A. M.; Streibel, M.; Harris, N. R. P. Affiliation: AA(Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Meteorological Institute KNMI, De Bilt, The Netherlands), AC(Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia), AD(Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia), AE(ICG-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany), AF(ICG-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany), AG(Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland), AH(Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland), AI(Environmental Science, Lancaster University, UK), AJ(DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany), AK(DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany), AL(Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK), AM(Atmosphere and Climate Change Department, NILU, Norway), AN(European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK), AO(European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 9, Issue 1, 2009, pp.93-117 Publication Date: 01/2009 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2009ACP.....9...93B Abstract An aircraft measurement campaign involving the Russian high-altitude aircraft M55 Geophysica and the German DLR Falcon was conducted in Darwin, Australia in November and December 2005 as part of the European integrated project SCOUT-O3. The overall objectives of the campaign were to study the transport of trace gases through the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), mechanisms of dehydration close to the tropopause, and the role of deep convection in these processes. In this paper a detailed roadmap of the campaign is presented, including rationales for each flight, and an analysis of the local and large-scale meteorological context in which they were embedded. The campaign took place during the pre-monsoon season which is characterized by a pronounced diurnal evolution of deep convection including a mesoscale system over the Tiwi Islands north of Darwin known as "Hector". This allowed studying in detail the role of deep convection in structuring the tropical tropopause region, in situ sampling convective overshoots above storm anvils, and probing the structure of anvils and cirrus clouds by Lidar and a suite of in situ instruments onboard the two aircraft. The large-scale flow during the first half of the campaign was such that local flights, away from convection, sampled air masses downstream of the "cold trap" region over Indonesia. Abundant cirrus clouds enabled the study of active dehydration, in particular during two TTL survey flights. The campaign period also encompassed a Rossby wave breaking event transporting stratospheric air to the tropical middle troposphere and an equatorial Kelvin wave modulating tropopause temperatures and hence the conditions for dehydration. Title: Data on Separation and Position Angle of Binary Star Systems Authors: Muller, Rafael J.; Centeno, D. C.; Rivera-Rivera, L.; Cersosimo, J. C.; Morales, K.; Ramos, K.; Franco, E.; Miranda, V.; Maldonado, V. Affiliation: AA(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao), AB(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao), AC(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao), AD(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao), AE(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao), AF(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao), AG(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao), AH(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao), AI(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao) Publication: American Astronomical Society, AAS Meeting \#213, \#410.16; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 41, p.214; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 41, p.214 Publication Date: 01/2009 Origin: AAS Abstract Copyright: (c) 2009: American Astronomical Society Bibliographic Code: 2009AAS...21341016M Abstract Data on separation and position angle of binary star systems Abstract: We report on data gathered for the measurement of separation and position angle of binary stars. The coupling of a CCD camera to a telescope allows us to use a precise simple and straightforward method for such measurements. We use the 31 inch National Undergraduate Research Observatory (NURO) Telescope at the Anderson Mesa location of Lowell Observatory, 20 miles east of Flagstaff, Arizona. Our CCD is a 2K x 2K Loral camera (NASACAM) with 27 micron pixels with a field of view of 16' x 16' and a plate scale of.470 arc seconds/ pixel. Analysis of the CCD images is straightforward and both direct and software methods yield the separation and position angle of the binaries. The data obtained is suitable for insertion in the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO) - Washington Double Star Catalog. Title: Episodicity in back-arc tectonic regimes Authors: Clark, Stuart R.; Stegman, Dave; Müller, R. Dietmar Affiliation: AA(Earthbyte Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia), AB(School of Mathematical Sciences and Monash Cluster Computing Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia), AC(Earthbyte Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia) Publication: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume 171, Issue 1-4, p. 265-279. Publication Date: 12/2008 Origin: ELSEVIER Abstract Copyright: Elsevier B.V. DOI: 10.1016/j.pepi.2008.04.012 Bibliographic Code: 2008PEPI..171..265C Abstract The evolution of back-arc basins is tied to the development of the dynamics of the subduction system they are a part of. We present a study of back-arc basins and model their development by implementing 3D time-dependant computer models of subduction including an overriding plate. We define three types of episodicity: pseudo-, quasi- and hyper-episodicity, and find evidence of these in nature. Observations of back-arc basin ages, histories of spreading, quiescence and compression in the overriding plate give us an understanding of the time-development of these subduction zones and back-arc basins. Across the globe today, a number of trenches are advancing---the Izu-Bonin Trench, the Mariana Trench, the Japan Trench, the Java-Sunda Trench and the central portion of the Peru-Chile Trench (the Andes subduction zone). The Izu-Bonin, Mariana and Japan all have established back-arc basins, while the others have documented episodes of spreading, quiescence, compression or a combination of these. The combination of advancing and retreating trench motion places these subduction zones in the category of hyper-episodicity. Quasi-episodicity, in which the back-arc shifts between phases of rifting, spreading and quiescence, is the dominant form of episodic back-arc development in the present. We find this type of episodicity in models for which the system is dynamically consistent---that we have allowed the subducting plate's velocity to be determined by the sinking slabs' buoyancy. Quasi- and hyper-episodicity are only found in subduction zones with relatively high subducting plate velocities, between 6 and 9 cm/year. Finally, those subduction zones for which the subducting plate is moving slowly, such as in the Mediterranean or the Scotia Sea, experience only pseudo-episodicity, where the spreading moves linearly towards the trench but often does so in discrete ridge-jump events. Title: How supercontinents and superoceans affect seafloor roughness Authors: Whittaker, Joanne M.; Müller, R. Dietmar; Roest, Walter R.; Wessel, Paul; Smith, Walter H. F. Affiliation: AA(Earthbyte Group, School of Geosciences, Building F09, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia), AB(Earthbyte Group, School of Geosciences, Building F09, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia), AC(Ifremer, Centre de Brest, Département des Géosciences Marines, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France), AD(Department of Geology and Geophysics, SOEST, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA), AE(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA) Publication: Nature, Volume 456, Issue 7224, pp. 938-941 (2008). Publication Date: 12/2008 Origin: NATURE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: Nature DOI: 10.1038/nature07573 Bibliographic Code: 2008Natur.456..938W Abstract Seafloor roughness varies considerably across the world's ocean basins and is fundamental to controlling the circulation and mixing of heat in the ocean and dissipating eddy kinetic energy. Models derived from analyses of active mid-ocean ridges suggest that ocean floor roughness depends on seafloor spreading rates, with rougher basement forming below a half-spreading rate threshold of 30-35mmyr-1 (refs 4, 5), as well as on the local interaction of mid-ocean ridges with mantle plumes or cold-spots. Here we present a global analysis of marine gravity-derived roughness, sediment thickness, seafloor isochrons and palaeo-spreading rates of Cretaceous to Cenozoic ridge flanks. Our analysis reveals that, after eliminating effects related to spreading rate and sediment thickness, residual roughness anomalies of 5-20mGal remain over large swaths of ocean floor. We found that the roughness as a function of palaeo-spreading directions and isochron orientations indicates that most of the observed excess roughness is not related to spreading obliquity, as this effect is restricted to relatively rare occurrences of very high obliquity angles (>45°). Cretaceous Atlantic ocean floor, formed over mantle previously overlain by the Pangaea supercontinent, displays anomalously low roughness away from mantle plumes and is independent of spreading rates. We attribute this observation to a sub-Pangaean supercontinental mantle temperature anomaly leading to slightly thicker than normal Late Jurassic and Cretaceous Atlantic crust, reduced brittle fracturing and smoother basement relief. In contrast, ocean crust formed above Pacific superswells, probably reflecting metasomatized lithosphere underlain by mantle at only slightly elevated temperatures, is not associated with basement roughness anomalies. These results highlight a fundamental difference in the nature of large-scale mantle upwellings below supercontinents and superoceans, and their impact on oceanic crustal accretion. Title: Crystal growth kinetics in cordierite and diopside glasses in wide temperature ranges Authors: Reinsch, S.; Nascimento, M.; Muller, R.; Zanotto, E. Publication: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 354, issue 52-54, pp. 5386-5394 Publication Date: 12/2008 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2008.09.007 Bibliographic Code: 2008JNCS..354.5386R Abstract Not Available Title: Influence of the contact metal on the performance of n-type carbonyl-functionalized quaterthiophene organic thin-film transistors Authors: Schols, S.; van Willigenburg, L.; Müller, R.; Bode, D.; Debucquoy, M.; de Jonge, S.; Genoe, J.; Heremans, P.; Lu, S.; Facchetti, A. Affiliation: AA(IMEC v.z.w., SOLO/PME, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium), AB(IMEC v.z.w., SOLO/PME, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium), AC(IMEC v.z.w., SOLO/PME, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium), AD(IMEC v.z.w., SOLO/PME, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium), AE(IMEC v.z.w., SOLO/PME, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium), AF(IMEC v.z.w., SOLO/PME, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium), AG(IMEC v.z.w., SOLO/PME, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium), AH(IMEC v.z.w., SOLO/PME, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium), AI(Polyera Corporation, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, USA), AJ(Polyera Corporation, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, USA) Publication: Applied Physics Letters, Volume 93, Issue 26, id. 263303 (3 pages) (2008). Publication Date: 12/2008 Origin: AIP Keywords: aluminium, charge exchange, electron mobility, gold, lithium compounds, organic semiconductors, oxidation, reduction (chemical), semiconductor-metal boundaries, thin film transistors Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.3059556 Bibliographic Code: 2008ApPhL..93z3303S Abstract Organic thin-film transistors using 5, 5'''-diperfluorohexylcarbonyl-2,2':5',2'':5'',2'''-quaterthiophene (DFHCO-4T) as the electron conducting organic semiconductor are fabricated and the performance of these transistors with different top-contact metals is investigated. Transistors with Au source-drain top contacts attain an apparent saturation mobility of 4.6 cm2/V s, whereas this parameter is 100 times lower for similar transistors with Al/LiF top contacts. We explain this lower performance by the formation of a thin interfacial layer with poor charge injection properties resulting from a redox reaction between Al and DFHCO-4T. Title: Physical Driver for the 62-Myr Cycle in Fossil Diversity Authors: Muller, R. A. Affiliation: AA(Dept. of Physics, 390 LeConte Hall University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, United States; Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008, abstract \#PP11D-06 Publication Date: 12/2008 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 0406 Astrobiology and extraterrestrial materials, 0410 Biodiversity, 0416 Biogeophysics, 0444 Evolutionary geobiology, 0473 Paleoclimatology and paleoceanography (3344, 4900) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2008AGUFMPP11D..06M Abstract The observation that fossil diversity is strongly modulated by two cycles, 62 Myr and 140 Myr, is one of the strangest discoveries of the last few years in geology and paleontology. (1) The cycles show strongest among those genera that are short-lived, i.e. endured for 45 Myr or less. In an attempt to identify patterns, we have subdivided the data into 170 groups consisting of various phyla, orders and classes, to examine the strength of the cycles; these results will be presented. As examples, the 62 Myr cycle is absent in the segmented worms (annelida), strong in the porifera, strong in the echinoderms, moderate in the bryosoa, moderate in the older anthropoda, very weak in the foraminifera, insignificant in the bivalves, very strong in the spiriferids, strong in trilobites, and very weak in fishes. No clear pattern has emerged from analysis of these taxonomic units. Several models will be discussed that could account for the cycles. One is the possibility of a helium-3 instability in the sun. Helium-3 is produced in the inner regions of the sun, but burned and destroyed in the deepest part of the core; only a layer outside the core remains. A regular overturn of the layer mixing it into the deeper core would result in a cycle of solar activity with a few percent modulation and a period that could be between 50 to 200 Myr.(2) This idea once received a great deal of attention when it was thought to be an explanation for the low flux of neutrinos from the sun. A second model to explain the cycle is the passage of the sun through variations in the mass density of the Milky Way Galaxy. Higher density puts an increased torque on comets in the Oort clould; that diminishes the angular momentum of half of them, and increases the eccentricity of the orbits. Doubling of the density (e.g. caused by passage through a giant molecular cloud or an arm of the galaxy) would result in a doubling of the number of comets hitting the earth. The passage through the arms of the galaxy has too long a period for the 62 Myr cycle, but could account for the 140 Myr cycle. We know that cometary impacts have major consequences for the diversity of life. We will discuss the possibility of such structure in the Milky Way. We will also present a description of other proposed explanations for the cycles, most of which can be ruled out. References: 1. Cycles in fossil diversity, Robert A. Rohde and Richard A. Muller, Nature vol. 454, pp. 208-210 (March 10, 2005). 2. The Solar Spoon, F. W. W. Dilke and D. O. Gough, Nature vol. 240, pp. 262-264; 293-294 (Dec. 1, 1972) Title: Tidal Impacts on Oceanographic and Sea-ice Processes in the Southern Ocean Authors: Padman, L.; Muench, R. D.; Howard, S.; M{\"{u}}ller, R. Affiliation: AA(Earth & Space Research, 3350 SW Cascade Ave, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States; Fourth Ave, Suite 1310, Seattle, WA 98121, United Research, 2101 Fourth Ave, Suite 1310, Seattle, WA of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, 104 COAS Admin. Bldg. Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-5503, United States; Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008, abstract \#OS13C-1208 Publication Date: 12/2008 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 4515 Deep recirculations, 4540 Ice mechanics and air/sea/ice exchange processes (0700, 0750, 0752, 0754), 4553 Overflows, 4560 Surface waves and tides (1222), 4568 Turbulence, diffusion, and mixing processes (4490) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2008AGUFMOS13C1208P Abstract We review recent field and modeling results that demonstrate the importance of tides in establishing the oceanographic and sea-ice conditions in the boundary regions of the Southern Ocean. The tidal component dominates the total oceanic kinetic energy throughout much of the circum-Antarctic seas. This domination is especially pronounced over the continental slope and shelf including the sub-ice-shelf cavities. Tides provide most of the energy that forces diapycnal mixing under ice shelves and thereby contributes to basal melting. The resulting Ice Shelf Water is a significant component of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) filling much of the deep global ocean. Tides exert significant divergent forcing on sea ice along glacial ice fronts and coastal regions, contributing to creation and maintenance of the coastal polynyas where much of the High Salinity Shelf Water component of AABW is formed. Additional tidally forced ice divergence along the shelf break and upper slope significantly impacts area-averaged ice growth and upper-ocean salinity. Tidally forced cross- slope advection, and mixing by the benthic stress associated with tidal currents along the shelf break and upper slope, strongly influence the paths, volume fluxes and hydrographic properties of benthic outflows of dense water leaving the continental shelf. These outflows provide primary source waters for the AABW. These results confirm that general ocean circulation and coupled ocean/ice/atmosphere climate models must incorporate the impacts of tides. Title: Microbial Transport and Growth Along the Transverse Mixing Zone Between 2,4-DP and Oxygen in a Model Dynamic Soil System Authors: Zhang, C.; Wang, X.; Zilles, J.; Werth, C. J.; Muller, R. H. Affiliation: AA(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, ; Urbana-Champaign, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N Mathews Ave, AD(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, ; Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, D-04318, Germany; Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008, abstract \#H43C-1023 Publication Date: 12/2008 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 0419 Biomineralization, 1829 Groundwater hydrology, 1831 Groundwater quality, 1832 Groundwater transport Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2008AGUFM.H43C1023Z Abstract Herbicides are an important class of groundwater contaminants, and their removal is often mediated by microorganisms. Microorganisms change their gene expression in response to environmental conditions and acquire new capabilities through mutation and gene transfer. In real soil systems, the heterogeneous distribution of solutes and microorganisms affects microbial processes, and no prior studies have addressed microbial gene expression and genetic adaptation for herbicide degradation in dynamic soil systems. The growth of an (R)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionate (2,4-DP) degrading pure culture (Delftia acidovorans R39bR) was evaluated in a microfluidic pore structure etched into a silicon wafer (i.e., micromodel). Initially, suspended cells of R39bR were introduced into one micromodel inlet, and mineral media solution containing two substrates (O2 and 2,4-DP) was introduced into the other inlet. The R39bR and substrates mixed transverse to the direction of flow in the micromodel pore structure, and a line of bacteria was observed along the mixing zone after 2 ~ 3 weeks. Next, inoculation was stopped, and O2 and 2,4-DP were introduced separately through the two inlets to promote growth of R39bR along the mixing zone. In this talk, initial results from micromodel experiments will be discussed showing the impacts of microbial motility, flow hydrodynamics, and substrate stoichiometric ratio on microbial growth and distribution. To evaluate genetic adaptation to the presence of multiple substrates, additional work is planned where both 2,4-DP and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D, which can not be degraded by R39bR without genetic adaptation) will be introduced into the micromodel. Title: PBO Facility Construction: Borehole Network Completed Authors: Mencin, D.; Jackson, M.; Johnson, W.; Dittmann, T.; Gottlieb, M.; Stair, J.; Alm, S.; Tiedeman, A.; van Boskirk, E.; Venator, S.; Seider, E.; M{\"{u}}ller, R.; Stroeve, A.; Dausz, K.; Willoughby, H.; Gallaher, W.; Fox, O.; Hdogkinson, K. Affiliation: AA(UNAVCO Plate Boundary Observatory, 6350 Nautilus Dr., Boulder, CO 80301, United States; Observatory, 6350 Nautilus Dr., Boulder, CO 80301, Plate Boundary Observatory, 6350 Nautilus Dr., Boulder, CO 80301, United States; Observatory, 6350 Nautilus Dr., Boulder, CO 80301, Plate Boundary Observatory, 6350 Nautilus Dr., Boulder, CO 80301, United States; Observatory, 6350 Nautilus Dr., Boulder, CO 80301, Boundary Observatory, 6350 Nautilus Dr., Boulder, CO Plate Boundary Observatory, 6350 Nautilus Dr., Boulder, CO 80301, United States; Observatory, 6350 Nautilus Dr., Boulder, CO 80301, Plate Boundary Observatory, 6350 Nautilus Dr., Boulder, CO 80301, United States; Observatory, 6350 Nautilus Dr., Boulder, CO 80301, Plate Boundary Observatory, 6350 Nautilus Dr., Boulder, CO 80301, United States; Observatory, 6350 Nautilus Dr., Boulder, CO 80301, Plate Boundary Observatory, 6350 Nautilus Dr., Boulder, CO 80301, United States; Observatory, 6350 Nautilus Dr., Boulder, CO 80301, Plate Boundary Observatory, 6350 Nautilus Dr., Boulder, CO 80301, United States; Observatory, 6350 Nautilus Dr., Boulder, CO 80301, Boundary Observatory, 6350 Nautilus Dr., Boulder, CO Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008, abstract \#G21B-0699 Publication Date: 12/2008 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 1294 Instruments and techniques, 7294 Seismic instruments and networks (0935, 3025) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2008AGUFM.G21B0699M Abstract The Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO), part of the larger NSF-funded EarthScope program, will study the three-dimensional strain field resulting from active plate boundary deformation across the Western United States. The construction phase was completed on September 30, 2008. The strainmeter and seismic borehole network consisted of the reconnaissance, permitting, installation, documentation and maintenance of 80 deep boreholes and 16 shallow boreholes that have some combination of strainmeters, seismometers, tiltmeters, accelerometers, pore pressure transducers, GPS, and MET packs. Construction highlights will be presented including: Pacific Northwest, Yellowstone, Mendocino, Parkfield, Anza and others as well as summary of the technical and logistical hurdles along the way. Title: Drilling Boreholes and Installing Strainmeters in Yellowstone National Park. Authors: Johnson, W.; Gottlieb, M.; Heasler, H.; Jaworowski, C.; Mencin, D.; M{\"{u}}ller, R.; Stair, J.; van Boskirk, E.; Venator, S. Affiliation: AA(UNAVCO, 6350 Nautilus Dr, Boulder, CO 80301, 6350 Nautilus Dr, Boulder, CO 80301, United States; Resources, Building 27, Yellowstone NP, WY 82190-0168, United States; Resources, Building 27, Yellowstone NP, WY 82190-0168, United States; Nautilus Dr, Boulder, CO 80301, United States; Boulder, CO 80301, United States; Boulder, CO 80301, United States; Boulder, CO 80301, United States; Dr, Boulder, CO 80301, United States; Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008, abstract \#G21B-0697 Publication Date: 12/2008 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 1294 Instruments and techniques, 7294 Seismic instruments and networks (0935, 3025), 8194 Instruments and techniques, 8494 Instruments and techniques Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2008AGUFM.G21B0697J Abstract In the fall of 2007 and the summer of 2008 UNAVCO, with the assistance of the NPS and YVO, installed five strainmeter/seismometer/tiltmeter sites and one seismometer/tiltmeter site. Due to the unique geology of Yellowstone; Unavco, the NPS, and the drilling contractor implemented a stringent drilling plan. Our primary concerns were the safety of the work crews, protecting the hydrothermal resources and finding the best zone in the bore hole to install a strainmeter. The plan while drilling involved sampling the temperature of the discharged fluids, sampling cuttings every five feet, and taking water samples when encountering increased flow Geophysical logging was done the night before casing was set and every night while drilling bellow the casing. In the mornings, a high resolution temperature survey was made of the hole. This allowed finding install zones while the drill rig was onsite. A blow out preventer was available at all times. A comprehensive plan to control and contain high pressure and high temperature steam was tailored for each site. The installation of strainmeters in relatively high temperature holes (65C) led to a change in our procedures. Unavco personnel devised techniques to temporarily cool the bore hole so that the grout the strainmeter is set in did not set up too quickly. The drilling plan was resource intensive, but it led to five successful strainmeter installations. Title: Modeling the Contribution of Tides to the Larsen-C Ice Shelf Basal Melt Rate Authors: M{\"{u}}ller, R. D.; Padman, L.; Fricker, H. A.; Dinniman, M. Affiliation: AA(Oregon State University, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, 104 COAS Administration Building, Corvallis, or 97330, United States; Research, 3350 SW Cascade Ave, Corvallis, or 97333, California, San Diego, SCRIPPS Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, Dominion University, Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography, Innovations Research Building 1 4111 Monarch Way, 3rd Floor, Norfolk, VA 23508, United Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008, abstract \#C41D-04 Publication Date: 12/2008 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 0728 Ice shelves, 0758 Remote sensing, 4500 OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2008AGUFM.C41D..04M Abstract Processes affecting the evolution of the Larsen-C Ice Shelf are still too poorly understood to predict whether the shelf will ultimately collapse like the neighboring Larsen-A and Larsen-B; however, evidence that portions of Larsen-C have recently thinned significantly suggests that future collapse is possible. We hypothesize that basal melt under Larsen-C is an important component of the ice shelf mass balance, with tidal currents providing most of the turbulent kinetic energy responsible for mixing warmer ocean water up to the ice shelf base to facilitate melt. This hypothesis is explored through modeling of basal melt rates with the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS 2.2). The model uses simplified ice shelf geometry and initial stratification. The tide is modeled as an idealized coastal-trapped Kelvin wave forcing at the M2 tidal frequency. Basal melt rate is strongly affected by tidal strength. Varying the Kelvin wave amplitude over a range representing likely current speeds under the shelf gives shelf-averaged melt rates in the range 0.5-5 m/yr, encompassing the value of ~2 m/yr implied by trends in ERS satellite radar altimetry over much of the northern shelf. These results demonstrate the need to include tides in coupled ocean/ice-shelf models for predicting ice shelf thinning and water mass modification. The variability of melt rate with tidal current speed also highlights the importance of mapping water column thickness (wct) under ice shelves, since wct helps determine the relationship between tidal currents and sea surface height variability. Title: High Static Stability in the Mixed Layer Above the Extratropical Tropopause Authors: Kunz, A.; Konopka, P.; Müller, R.; Schiller, C. Affiliation: AA(Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre: Troposphäre (ICG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany; Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre: Stratosphäre (ICG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany; Dynamik der Geosphäre: Stratosphäre (ICG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany; und Dynamik der Geosphäre: Stratosphäre (ICG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany; und Dynamik der Geosphäre: Stratosphäre (ICG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany; Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008, abstract \#A31D-0143 Publication Date: 12/2008 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 0300 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2008AGUFM.A31D0143K Abstract A strong relationship between the static stability N2 and the strength of mixing in the mixed layer above the extratropical tropopause is evident from in-situ data observed during the SPURT aircraft campaigns. We present a method for quantifying the strength of mixing from O3/CO tracer correlations and we find that N2 is positively correlated with the strength of mixing. Age of air simulations with the CLaMS model reveal two different types of mixed regions. One type consisting of older airmasses with higher values of N2 which are created by radiative adjustment after a mixing event. These airmasses are within the TIL (Tropopause Inversion Layer), considering the TIL as part of the mixing layer. The second type comprises younger airmasses with somehow lower stratospheric N2 values within the mixing layer, because of recent intrusion processes due to the permeability or so-called mid-latitude-breaks associated with the jet stream. With the help of radiative transfer calculations we simulate the influence of trace gases such as O3 and H2O on the temperature gradient and thus on the static stability above the tropopause in the idealized case of non-mixing (L-shape) O3 and H2O profiles and in the reference case of mixed profiles. Within the altitude range of the SPURT campaigns the mean vertical SPURT profiles are used as reference, which are fitted to the HALOE climatological profiles above the UT/LS. Title: Identification of transport pathways using modeled and observed CO-O3 correlation Authors: Vogel, B.; Pan, L.; Atlas, E.; Bowman, K. P.; Campos, T.; Hall, W.; Konopka, P.; M{\"{u}}ller, R.; Pollack, I.; Weinheimer, A. Affiliation: AA(Forschungszentrum Juelich, ICG-1: Stratosphere, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, Juelich, 52428, Germany; Atmospheric Research (NCAR), 1850 Table Mesa Drive, AC(Division of Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, 33149, United States; Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, 3150 TAMU | College Station, Texas, 77843, United States Atmospheric Research (NCAR), 1850 Table Mesa Drive, AF(National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, 80305, United States ICG-1: Stratosphere, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, Juelich, AH(Forschungszentrum Juelich, ICG-1: Stratosphere, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, Juelich, 52428, Germany; Atmospheric Research (NCAR), 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, 80305, United States; Atmospheric Research (NCAR), 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008, abstract \#A22D-03 Publication Date: 12/2008 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 0300 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE, 0368 Troposphere: constituent transport and chemistry Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2008AGUFM.A22D..03V Abstract To better understand and characterize the transport pathways of air masses from the Earth's surface in the extratropical tropopause region the START08 experiment was developed. Here we present a model study based on measurements conducted during two START08 flights. These flights are performed to study a tropospheric intrusion on April 18th, 2008 and a stratospheric intrusion on April 28th, 2008 over Central USA. To analyze the measurements we use the chemistry-transport model CLaMS. CLaMS is based on a unique Lagrangian formulation of the tracer transport. In CLaMS a deformation driven mixing scheme is implemented, which allows to simulated tracer correlations in the vicinity of the tropopause. CLaMS simulations was performed for April and May 2008. In CO-O3 correlations we found in both the measurements and the simulations that different mixing branches occurred depending on the origin of the air masses. We connect these branches to different transport pathways of the air masses across the tropopause depending on their location related to the jet streams. Title: The seasonality of the composition of air in the tropical tropopause layer Authors: Konopka, P.; Park, M.; Grooß, J.; Günther, G.; Walter, R.; Plöger, F.; Müller, R.; Randel, W. Affiliation: AA(Forschungszentrum Jülich (ICG-1: Stratosphere), Leo-Brandt Str. 1, Jülich, 52425, Germany; Atmospheric Research, ACD, Table Mesa Dr., Boulder, AC(Forschungszentrum Jülich (ICG-1: Stratosphere), Leo-Brandt Str. 1, Jülich, 52425, Germany; Jülich (ICG-1: Stratosphere), Leo-Brandt Str. 1, Jülich, 52425, Germany; Jülich (ICG-1: Stratosphere), Leo-Brandt Str. 1, AF(Forschungszentrum Jülich (ICG-1: Stratosphere), Leo-Brandt Str. 1, Jülich, 52425, Germany; Jülich (ICG-1: Stratosphere), Leo-Brandt Str. 1, Jülich, 52425, Germany; Atmospheric Research, ACD, Table Mesa Dr., Boulder, Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008, abstract \#A21I-05 Publication Date: 12/2008 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 0300 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE, 0340 Middle atmosphere: composition and chemistry, 0341 Middle atmosphere: constituent transport and chemistry (3334) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2008AGUFM.A21I..05K Abstract Multi-annual simulations with the Chemical Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) are used to study transport of air and the seasonality of its composition within the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). In agreement with satellite and in-situ observations, CLaMS simulations show a pronounced seasonal cycle in CO and ozone and, in addition, in the mean age. Below the zero clear sky heating rate level (Q=0) around 360 K potential temperature, the semi-annual cycle of convection, with strongest upwelling around April and November, determines the composition of the TTL. Although above this level, the contribution of photochemistry modulated by the annual cycle of the Brewer-Dobson circulation increases with altitude, the seasonality of ozone and CO is overlaid by a clear annual and a weak semi-annual cycle of horizontal in-mixing from the stratosphere into the TTL. The strongest in-mixing occurs from the northern hemisphere during the boreal summer. Both, CLaMS simulations and pure trajectory calculations show that this equatorward transport is mainly driven by the Asian monsoon anticyclone. Title: Model simulations of stratospheric ozone loss caused by enhanced mesospheric NOx during Arctic Winter 2003/2004 Authors: Grooss, J.; Vogel, B.; Konopka, P.; M{\"{u}}ller, R.; Funke, B.; L{\'{o}}pez-Puertas, M.; Reddmann, T.; von Clarmann, T.; Stiller, G.; Riese, M. Affiliation: AA(Forschungszentrum Juelich, ICG-1: Stratosphaere, Leo-Brandt-Str., Juelich, 52428, Germany; Juelich, ICG-1: Stratosphaere, Leo-Brandt-Str., AC(Forschungszentrum Juelich, ICG-1: Stratosphaere, Leo-Brandt-Str., Juelich, 52428, Germany; Juelich, ICG-1: Stratosphaere, Leo-Brandt-Str., Juelich, 52428, Germany; Astrofsica de Andalucia, CSIC, Apartado Postal 3004, AF(Instituto de Astrofsica de Andalucia, CSIC, Apartado Postal 3004, Granada, 18080, Spain; Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Postfach 3640, Karlsruhe, 76021, Germany; Karlsruhe, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Postfach 3640, Karlsruhe, 76021, Germany; Karlsruhe, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Postfach 3640, Karlsruhe, 76021, Germany; Juelich, ICG-1: Stratosphaere, Leo-Brandt-Str., Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008, abstract \#A21C-0166 Publication Date: 12/2008 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 0300 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE, 0341 Middle atmosphere: constituent transport and chemistry (3334), 0399 General or miscellaneous Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2008AGUFM.A21C0166G Abstract Satellite observations show that the enormous solar proton events (SPEs) in October--November 2003 had significant effects on the composition of the stratosphere and mesosphere in the polar regions. After the October--November 2003 SPEs and in early 2004, significant enhancements of NOx (= NO + NO2) in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere in the Northern Hemisphere were observed by several satellite instruments. Here we present global full chemistry calculations performed with the CLaMS model to study the impact of mesospheric NOx intrusions on Arctic polar ozone loss processes in the stratosphere. Several model simulations are preformed with different upper boundary conditions for NOx at 2000K potential temperature (~50km altitude). In our study we focus on the impact of the non-local production of NOx, which means the downward transport of enhanced NOx from the mesosphere to the stratosphere. The local production of NOx in the stratosphere is neglected. Our findings show that intrusions of mesospheric air into the stratosphere, transporting high burdens of NOx, affect the composition of the Arctic polar region down to about 400 K (17-18km). We compare our simulated NOx and O3 mixing ratios with satellite observations by ACE-FTS and MIPAS processed at IMK/IAA and derive an upper limit for the ozone loss caused by enhanced mesospheric NOx. Our findings show that in the Arctic polar vortex (equivalent lat. > 70° N) the accumulated column ozone loss between 350-2000K potential temperature (~14-50km altitude) caused by the SPEs in October--November 2003 in the stratosphere is up to 3.3DU with an upper limit of 5.5DU until end of November. Further, we found that about 10DU, but in any case lower than 18DU, accumulated ozone loss additionally occurred until end of March 2004 caused by the transport of mesospheric NOx-rich air in early 2004. The solar-proton-produced NOx above 55km due to the SPEs of October-November 2003 had a negligibly small impact on ozone loss processes through the end of November in the lower stratosphere (350-700K ~ 14-27km). The mesospheric NOx intrusions in early 2004 yielded a lower stratospheric ozone loss of about 3.5DU and clearly lower than 6.5DU through the end of March. Overall, the non-local production of NOx is an additional variability in the existing variations of the ozone loss observed in the Arctic. Title: Optical sensor based on sensitive polymer layer Authors: Will, Matthias; Martan, Tomas; Müller, Ralf; Brodersen, Olaf; Mohr, Gerhard J. Affiliation: AA(CiS-Institute for Micro Sensors GmbH (Germany)), AB(CiS-Institute for Micro Sensors GmbH (Germany) and Institute of Photonics and Electronics (Czech Republic)), AC(CiS-Institute for Micro Sensors GmbH (Germany)), AD(CiS-Institute for Micro Sensors GmbH (Germany)), AE(Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena (Germany)) Publication: Photonics, Devices, and Systems IV. Edited by Tománek, Pavel; Senderáková, Dagmar; Hrabovský, Miroslav. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 7138, pp. 71380A-71380A-7 (2008). Publication Date: 11/2008 Origin: SPIE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. DOI: 10.1117/12.817974 Bibliographic Code: 2008SPIE.7138E..10W Abstract In chemical, oil, and food industries, there are still higher requirements on miniaturization of optical sensors for a concentration measurement of gases e.g. a CO2, O2, and NH3. The paper deals with development of miniaturised optical sensor for an aqueous carbon dioxide measurement using a sensitive polymer layer. The optical sensor module consists of two parts, a remission sensor and a removable layered structure (with incorporated dyed polymer) which is closely placed on the surface of a remission sensor. A dyed polymer film is used as an optical-chemical transducer working on a principle of colour changes caused by a chemical reaction of an analyte and indicator dye. A novel remission sensor module was developed for an evaluation of the spectral absorption changes of sensitive polymer layer. The remission sensor module composed of LED diodes located in a central cavity of the sensor module and PIN diodes situated around the cavity. The LEDs emit light with optimised wavelengths and irradiate the polymer film. Light response (the changes of the spectral absorption) of the irradiated polymer film is detected by PIN diodes. A colour shift is further analyzed and evaluated by electronics without using a photometer. Title: Optical sensor based on sensitive polymer layer Authors: Will, Matthias; Martan, Tomas; Müller, Ralf; Brodersen, Olaf; Mohr, Gerhard J. Affiliation: AA(CiS-Institute for Micro Sensors GmbH (Germany)), AB(CiS-Institute for Micro Sensors GmbH (Germany) and Institute of Photonics and Electronics (Czech Republic)), AC(CiS-Institute for Micro Sensors GmbH (Germany)), AD(CiS-Institute for Micro Sensors GmbH (Germany)), AE(Institute of Physical Chemistry (Germany)) Publication: Photonics, Devices, and Systems IV. Edited by Will, Matthias; Martan, Tomas; Müller, Ralf; Brodersen, Olaf; Mohr, Gerhard J. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 7138, pp. 71380A-71380A-7 (2008). Publication Date: 11/2008 Origin: AIP Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1117/12.817974 Bibliographic Code: 2008SPIE.7138E...9W Abstract In chemical, oil, and food industries, there are still higher requirements on miniaturization of optical sensors for a concentration measurement of gases e.g. a CO2, O2, and NH3. The paper deals with development of miniaturised optical sensor for an aqueous carbon dioxide measurement using a sensitive polymer layer. The optical sensor module consists of two parts, a remission sensor and a removable layered structure (with incorporated dyed polymer) which is closely placed on the surface of a remission sensor. A dyed polymer film is used as an optical-chemical transducer working on a principle of colour changes caused by a chemical reaction of an analyte and indicator dye. A novel remission sensor module was developed for an evaluation of the spectral absorption changes of sensitive polymer layer. The remission sensor module composed of LED diodes located in a central cavity of the sensor module and PIN diodes situated around the cavity. The LEDs emit light with optimised wavelengths and irradiate the polymer film. Light response (the changes of the spectral absorption) of the irradiated polymer film is detected by PIN diodes. A colour shift is further analyzed and evaluated by electronics without using a photometer. Title: Operation of the Metrology Light Source as a primary radiation source standard Authors: Klein, Roman; Brandt, Guido; Fliegauf, Rolf; Hoehl, Arne; Müller, Ralph; Thornagel, Reiner; Ulm, Gerhard; Abo-Bakr, Michael; Feikes, Jörg; Hartrott, Michael V.; Holldack, Karsten; Wüstefeld, Godehard Affiliation: AA(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany), AB(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany), AC(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany), AD(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany), AE(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany), AF(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany), AG(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany), AA(BESSY, Berlin, Germany), AB(BESSY, Berlin, Germany), AC(BESSY, Berlin, Germany), AD(BESSY, Berlin, Germany), AE(BESSY, Berlin, Germany) Publication: Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, vol. 11, Issue 11, id. 110701 Publication Date: 11/2008 Origin: APS Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: The American Physical Society DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.110701 Bibliographic Code: 2008PhRvS..11k0701K Abstract The Metrology Light Source (MLS), the new electron storage ring of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) located in Berlin, is dedicated to metrology and technological developments in the UV and extreme UV spectral range as well as in the IR and THz region. The MLS can be operated at any electron beam energy between 105 and 630 MeV and at electron beam currents varying from 1 pA (one stored electron) up to 200 mA. Moreover, it is optimized for the generation of coherent synchrotron radiation in the far IR/THz range. Of special interest for PTB is the operation of the MLS as a primary radiation source standard from the near IR up to the soft x-ray region. Therefore, the MLS is equipped with all the instrumentation necessary to measure the storage ring parameters and geometrical parameters needed for the calculation of the spectral photon flux according to the Schwinger theory with low uncertainty. Title: Kinetic fragility of hydrous soda-lime-silica glasses Authors: Deubener, J.; Behrens, H.; Muller, R.; Zietka, S.; Reinsch, S. Publication: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 354, issue 42-44, pp. 4713-4718 Publication Date: 11/2008 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2008.04.021 Bibliographic Code: 2008JNCS..354.4713D Abstract Not Available Title: Integration of an Axcelis Optima HD Single Wafer High Current Implanter for p- and n-S/D Implants in an Existing Batch Implanter Production Line Authors: Schmeide, Matthias; Kontratenko, Serguei; Müller, Ralf Peter; Krimbacher, Bernhard Affiliation: AA(Infineon Technologies Dresden GmbH & Co. OHG, Königsbrücker Str. 180, D-01099 Dresden, Germany. Technologies, Inc., 108 Cherry Hill Dr., Beverly, MA, USA), AC(Qimonda Dresden GmbH & Co. OHG, Königsbrücker Str. 180, D-01099 Dresden, Germany), AD(Axcelis Technologies, Inc., 108 Cherry Hill Dr., Beverly, MA, USA) Publication: ION IMPLANTATION TECHNOLOGY: 17th International Conference on Ion Implantation Technology. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 1066, pp. 332-334 (2008). Publication Date: 11/2008 Origin: AIP Keywords: ion implantation, plasma interactions, DRAM chips Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.3033627 Bibliographic Code: 2008AIPC.1066..332S Abstract This paper is focused on the integration and qualification of an Axcelis Optima HD single wafer high current spot beam implanter in an existing 200 mm production line with different types of Axcelis batch implanters for high current applications. Both the design of the beamline and the beam shape are comparable between single wafer and batch high current spot beam implanters. In contrast to the single wafer high current ribbon beam implanter, energy contamination is not a concern for the considered spot beam tool because the drift mode can be used down to energies in the 2 keV region. The most important difference between single wafer and batch high current implanters is the significantly higher dose rate and, therefore, the higher damage rate for the single wafer tool due to the different scanning architecture. The results of the integration of high dose implantations, mainly for p- and n-S/D formation, for DRAM 110 nm without pre-amorphization implantation (PAI), CMOS Logic from around 250 nm down to 90 nm without and with PAI, are presented and discussed. Dopant concentration profile analysis using SIMS was performed for different technologies and implantation conditions. The impurity activation was measured using sheet resistance and in some cases spreading resistance technique was applied. The amorphous layer thickness was measured using TEM. Finally, device data are presented in combination with dose, energy and beam current variations. The results have shown that the integration of implantation processes into crystalline structure without PAI is more complex and time consuming than implantations into amorphous layer where the damage difference due to the different dose rates is negligible. Title: Eukaryotic-like protein kinases in the prokaryotes and the myxobacterial kinome Authors: Perez, J.; Castaneda-Garc{\'{\i}}a, A.; Jenke-Kodama, H.; Muller, R.; Munoz-Dorado, J. Publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 105, issue 41, pp. 15950-15955 Publication Date: 10/2008 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0806851105 Bibliographic Code: 2008PNAS..10515950P Abstract Not Available Title: Terahertz line detection by a microlens array coupled photoconductive antenna array Authors: Pradarutti, B.; Müller, R.; Freese, W.; Matthäus, G.; Riehemann, S.; Notni, G.; Nolte, S.; Tünnermann, A. Publication: Optics Express, vol. 16, issue 22, p. 18443 Publication Date: 10/2008 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1364/OE.16.018443 Bibliographic Code: 2008OExpr..1618443P Abstract Not Available Title: Rapidly Deployable Blast Barriers for Lunar Surface Operations Authors: Smith, D. J.; Roberson, L. B.; M{\"{u}}ller, R.; Metzger, P. Publication: Joint Annual Meeting of LEAG-ICEUM-SRR, held October 28-31, 2008 in Cape Canaveral, Florida. LPI Contribution No. 1446, p.125 Publication Date: 10/2008 Origin: LPI Bibliographic Code: 2008LPICo1446..125S Abstract Not Available Title: Observation Report 2006 Humacao University Observatory Authors: Muller, R. J.; Cersosimo, J. C.; Miranda, V.; Mart{\'{\i}}nez, C.; Centeno, D.; Rivera, L.; Franco, E.; Ramos, K.; Morales, K. Publication: Journal of Double Star Observations, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 170-174. Publication Date: 10/2008 Origin: JDSO Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: University of South Alabama Bibliographic Code: 2008JDSO....4..170M Abstract Measurement of position angle and separation of 98 binary pairs are reported. The data was obtained using the NURO Telescope at the Anderson Mesa location of Lowell Observatory near Flagstaff, Arizona on May and August 2006. We gathered the data using the new 2K x 2K CCD camera,-NASACAM,- at the prime focus of the 31 inch telescope. The data was transferred and analyzed at the Humacao University Observatory by undergraduate students undertaking research projects. Title: Middle Miocene tectonic boundary conditions for use in climate models Authors: Herold, N.; Seton, M.; Müller, R. D.; You, Y.; Huber, M. Affiliation: AA(EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Madsen Building F09, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia); AB(EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Madsen Building F09, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia); AC(); AD(Institute of Marine Science, University of Sydney, Madsen Building F09, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia); AE(Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA) Publication: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, Volume 9, Issue 10, CiteID Q10009 Publication Date: 10/2008 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Global Change: Earth system modeling (1225), Tectonophysics: Plate motions: past (3040), Marine Geology and Geophysics: Plate tectonics (8150, 8155, 8157, 8158) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2008GC002046 Bibliographic Code: 2008GGG.....910009H Abstract Utilizing general circulation models (GCMs) for paleoclimate study requires the construction of appropriate model boundary conditions. We present a middle Miocene paleotopographic and paleobathymetric reconstruction geographically constrained at 15 Ma for use in GCMs. Paleotopography and paleogeography are reconstructed using a published global plate rotation model and published geological data. Paleobathymetry is reconstructed through application of an age-depth relationship to a middle Miocene global digital isochron map, followed by the overlay of reconstructed sediment thickness and large igneous provinces. Adjustments are subsequently made to ensure our reconstruction may be utilized in GCMs. Title: Channel and Multiuser Diversities in Wireless Systems: Delay-Energy Tradeoff Authors: Chaporkar, Prasanna; Kansanen, Kimmo; Müller, Ralf R. Publication: eprint arXiv:0810.1103 Publication Date: 10/2008 Origin: ARXIV Keywords: Computer Science - Information Theory Bibliographic Code: 2008arXiv0810.1103C Abstract We consider a communication system with multi-access fading channel. Each user in the system requires certain rate guarantee. Our main contribution is to devise a scheduling scheme called "Opportunistic Super-position Coding" that satisfies the users' rate requirements. Using mean-field analysis, i.e., when the number of users go to infinity, we analytically show that the energy required to guarantee the required user rate can be made as small as required at the cost of a higher delay ("delay-energy tradeoff"). We explicitly compute the delay under the proposed scheduling policy and discuss how delay differentiation can be achieved. We extend the results to multi-band multi-access channel. Finally, all the results can be generalized in a straightforward fashion to broadcast channel due to the AWGN multiaccess-broadcast duality. Title: Design and analysis of quasi-optical THz time domain imaging systems Authors: Brückner, Claudia; Pradarutti, Boris; Müller, Ralf; Riehemann, Stefan; Notni, Gunther; Tünnermann, Andreas Affiliation: AA(Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (Germany) and Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena (Germany)), AB(Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (Germany) and Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena (Germany)), AC(Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (Germany)), AD(Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (Germany)), AE(Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (Germany)), AF(Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (Germany) and Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena (Germany)) Publication: Optical Design and Engineering III. Edited by Mazuray, Laurent; Wartmann, Rolf; Wood, Andrew; Tissot, Jean-Luc; Raynor, Jeffrey M. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 7100, pp. 71000S-71000S-12 (2008). Publication Date: 09/2008 Origin: SPIE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. DOI: 10.1117/12.797606 Bibliographic Code: 2008SPIE.7100E..22B Abstract A THz time domain imaging system is optimized and analyzed with ZEMAX. The requirements to the optical design of time domain imaging systems in the THz spectral region are deduced. A system is presented, which is diffraction-limited for wavelengths down to 838 mum and field points up to +/-4 mm. In the optical system a 90° off-axis parabolic mirror is combined with an aspheric plastic lens. The lens was made from ZEONEX E48R®, and it was manufactured by ultraprecision machining. A resolution test of the system shows that on time domain analysis of the pulse maximum on-axis 1 LP/mm can be resolved with an intensity contrast of 0.22. The resolution of the outermost field point is 0.67 LP/mm with an intensity contrast of 0.23. An outlook of an optimized system for imaging a field of +/-10 mm in x- and y-direction is given. Title: Seasonal cycle of averages of nitrous oxide and ozone in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere polar, midlatitude, and tropical regions derived from ILAS/ILAS-II and Odin/SMR observations Authors: Khosrawi, F.; Müller, R.; Proffitt, M. H.; Urban, J.; Murtagh, D.; Ruhnke, R.; Grooß, J.-U.; Nakajima, H. Affiliation: AA(Department of Applied Environmental Science and Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden); AB(ICG-1: Stratosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AC(Proffitt Instruments Inc., Buenos Aires, Argentina); AD(Department of Radio and Space Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden); AE(Department of Radio and Space Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden); AF(Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany); AG(ICG-1: Stratosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AH(National Institute of Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan) Publication: Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 113, Issue D18, CiteID D18305 Publication Date: 09/2008 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: composition and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Constituent sources and sinks, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: constituent transport and chemistry (3334), Atmospheric Processes: Middle atmosphere dynamics (0341, 0342) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2007JD009556 Bibliographic Code: 2008JGRD..11318305K Abstract Northern and Southern Hemispheric monthly averages of ozone (O3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) have been suggested as a tool for evaluating atmospheric photochemical models. An adequate data set for such an evaluation can be derived from measurements made by satellites which, in general, have a high spatial and temporal coverage. Here, we use measurements made by the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometers (ILAS and ILAS-II) which use the solar occultation technique and by the Odin-Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (Odin/SMR) which passively observes thermal emissions from the Earth's limb. From ILAS/ILAS-II and Odin/SMR observations, 1-year data sets of monthly averaged O3 and N2O, covering a full seasonal cycle, were derived for the latitude range between 60-90°N and 60-90°S, respectively, by partitioning the data into equal bins of altitude or potential temperature. A comparison between both data sets in this latitude region shows a good agreement and verifies that limited sampling from satellite occultation experiments does not constitute a problem for deriving such a full seasonal cycle of monthly averaged N2O and O3. Since Odin/SMR provides measurements globally, a 1-year data set of monthly averaged N2O and O3 is reported here for both the entire Northern and Southern Hemispheres from these measurements. Further, these hemispheric data sets from Odin/SMR are separated into data sets of monthly averaged N2O and O3 for the low latitudes, midlatitudes, and high latitudes. The resulting families of curves help to differentiate between O3 changes due to photochemistry from those due to transport. These 1-year hemispheric data sets of monthly averaged N2O and O3 from Odin/SMR and ILAS/ILAS-II as well as the data sets of monthly averaged N2O and O3 for the specific latitude regions from Odin/SMR provide a potentially important tool for the evaluation of atmospheric photochemical models. An example of how such an evaluation can be performed is given using data from two chemical transport models (CTMs), the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) and the Karlsruhe Simulation Model of the Middle Atmosphere (KASIMA). We find a good agreement between Odin/SMR and the CTMs CLaMS and KASIMA with differences generally less than +/-20%. Title: Comment on ``Middle atmospheric O3, CO, N2O, HNO3, and temperature profiles during the warm Arctic winter 2001-2002'' by Giovanni Muscari et al. Authors: Müller, Rolf; Tilmes, Simone Affiliation: AA(Institute for Stratospheric Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AB(Atmospheric Chemistry Division, NCAR, Boulder, Colorado, USA) Publication: Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 113, Issue D18, CiteID D18303 Publication Date: 09/2008 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: composition and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: constituent transport and chemistry (3334), Atmospheric Processes: Middle atmosphere dynamics (0341, 0342) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2007JD009709 Bibliographic Code: 2008JGRD..11318303M Abstract Abstract Available from http://www.agu.org Title: The Size Distribution of Magnetic Bright Points derived from Hinode/SOT Observations Authors: Utz, D.; Hanslmeier, A.; Muller, R.; Astrid, V.; Muthsam, H.; Möstl, Ch. Publication: 12th European Solar Physics Meeting, Freiburg, Germany, held September, 8-12, 2008. Online at http://espm.kis.uni-freiburg.de/, p.2.50 Publication Date: 09/2008 Origin: ADS Bibliographic Code: 2008ESPM...12.2.50U Abstract In our poster we will present our results regarding the size distribution of Magnetic Bright Points (MBPs) in the solar photosphere. The data sets were obtained through the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) of the recent Hinode satellite. Hinode was launched in autumn 2006 and delivers (among other data) high resolution seeing free filtergrams in the magnetic sensitive G-Band. We analyzed two different data sets (with different pixel resolutions) near disk center in a network region of the quiet sun. The interesting outcome is that the derived size distribution depends on the used pixel resolution. Discretisation effects and physical implications on the derived size distributions will be discussed. Title: Design and evaluation of a THz time domain imaging system using standard optical design software Authors: Brückner, Claudia; Pradarutti, Boris; Müller, Ralf; Riehemann, Stefan; Notni, Gunther; Tünnermann, Andreas Publication: Applied Optics, vol. 47, issue 27, p. 4994 Publication Date: 09/2008 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1364/AO.47.004994 Bibliographic Code: 2008ApOpt..47.4994B Abstract Not Available Title: The SCOUT-O3 Darwin Aircraft Campaign: rationale and meteorology Authors: Brunner, D.; Siegmund, P.; May, P. T.; Chappel, L.; Schiller, C.; Müller, R.; Peter, T.; Fueglistaler, S.; MacKenzie, A. R.; Fix, A.; Schlager, H.; Allen, G.; Fjaeraa, A. M.; Streibel, M.; Harris, N. R. P. Affiliation: AA(Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Meteorological Institute KNMI, De Bilt, The Netherlands), AC(Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia), AD(Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia), AE(ICG-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany), AF(ICG-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany), AG(Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland), AH(Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland), AI(Environmental Science, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK), AJ(DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany), AK(DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany), AL(Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK), AM(Atmosphere and Climate Change Department, NILU, Kjeller, Norway), AN(European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK), AO(European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Volume 8, Issue 5, 2008, pp.17131-17191 Publication Date: 09/2008 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2008ACPD....817131B Abstract An aircraft measurement campaign involving the Russian high-altitude aircraft M55 Geophysica and the German DLR Falcon was conducted in Darwin, Australia in November and December 2005 as part of the European integrated project SCOUT-O3. The overall objectives of the campaign were to study the transport of trace gases through the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), mechanisms of dehydration close to the tropopause, and the role of deep convection in these processes. In this paper a detailed roadmap of the campaign is presented, including rationales for each flight, and an analysis of the local and large-scale meteorological context in which they were embedded. The campaign took place during the pre-monsoon season which is characterized by a pronounced diurnal evolution of deep convection including a mesoscale system over the Tiwi Islands north of Darwin known as "Hector". This allowed studying in detail the role of deep convection in structuring the tropical tropopause region, in situ sampling convective overshoots above storm anvils, and probing the structure of anvils and cirrus clouds by Lidar and a suite of in situ instruments onboard the two aircraft. The large-scale flow during the first half of the campaign was such that local flights, away from convection, sampled air masses downstream of the "cold trap" region over Indonesia. Abundant cirrus clouds enabled the study of active dehydration, in particular during two TTL survey flights. The campaign period also encompassed a Rossby wave breaking event transporting stratospheric air to the tropical middle troposphere and an equatorial Kelvin wave modulating tropopause temperatures and hence the conditions for dehydration. Title: Model simulations of stratospheric ozone loss caused by enhanced mesospheric NOx during Arctic Winter 2003/2004 Authors: Vogel, B.; Konopka, P.; Grooß, J.-U.; Müller, R.; Funke, B.; López-Puertas, M.; Reddmann, T.; Stiller, G.; von Clarmann, T.; Riese, M. Affiliation: AA(Forschungszentrum Jülich, ICG-1: Stratosphäre, AB(Forschungszentrum Jülich, ICG-1: Stratosphäre, Jülich, Germany), AC(Forschungszentrum Jülich, ICG-1: Stratosphäre, Jülich, Germany), AD(Forschungszentrum Jülich, ICG-1: Stratosphäre, Jülich, Germany), AE(Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Granada, Spain), AF(Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Granada, Spain), AG(Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe, Germany), AH(Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe, Germany), AI(Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe, Germany), AJ(Forschungszentrum Jülich, ICG-1: Stratosphäre, Jülich, Germany) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 8, Issue 17, 2008, pp.5279-5293 Publication Date: 09/2008 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2008ACP.....8.5279V Abstract Satellite observations show that the enormous solar proton events (SPEs) in October November 2003 had significant effects on the composition of the stratosphere and mesosphere in the polar regions. After the October November 2003 SPEs and in early 2004, significant enhancements of NOx(=NO+NO2) in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere in the Northern Hemisphere were observed by several satellite instruments. Here we present global full chemistry calculations performed with the CLaMS model to study the impact of mesospheric NOx intrusions on Arctic polar ozone loss processes in the stratosphere. Several model simulations are preformed with different upper boundary conditions for NOx at 2000 K potential temperature (≈50 km altitude). In our study we focus on the impact of the non-local production of NOx, which means the downward transport of enhanced NOx from the mesosphere to the stratosphere. The local production of NOx in the stratosphere is neglected. Our findings show that intrusions of mesospheric air into the stratosphere, transporting high burdens of NOx, affect the composition of the Arctic polar region down to about 400 K (≈17 18 km). We compare our simulated NOx and O3 mixing ratios with satellite observations by ACE-FTS and MIPAS processed at IMK/IAA and derive an upper limit for the ozone loss caused by enhanced mesospheric NOx. Our findings show that in the Arctic polar vortex (equivalent lat.>70° N) the accumulated column ozone loss between 350 2000 K potential temperature (≈14 50 km altitude) caused by the SPEs in October November 2003 in the stratosphere is up to 3.3 DU with an upper limit of 5.5 DU until end of November. Further, we found that about 10 DU, but in any case lower than 18 DU, accumulated ozone loss additionally occurred until end of March 2004 caused by the transport of mesospheric NOx-rich air in early 2004. The solar-proton-produced NOx above 55 km due to the SPEs of October November 2003 had a negligibly small impact on ozone loss processes through the end of November in the lower stratosphere (350 700 K≈14 27 km). The mesospheric NOx intrusions in early 2004 yielded a lower stratospheric ozone loss of about 3.5 DU, and clearly lower than 6.5 DU through the end of March. Overall, the non-local production of NOx is an additional variability in the existing variations of the ozone loss observed in the Arctic. Title: Global plate motion frames: Toward a unified model Authors: Torsvik, Trond H.; Müller, R. Dietmar; Van der Voo, Rob; Steinberger, Bernhard; Gaina, Carmen Affiliation: AA(Center for Geodynamics, NGU, Trondheim, Norway); AB(School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia); AC(Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA); AD(Center for Geodynamics, NGU, Trondheim, Norway); AE(Center for Geodynamics, NGU, Trondheim, Norway) Publication: Reviews of Geophysics, Volume 46, Issue 3, CiteID RG3004 Publication Date: 08/2008 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Tectonophysics: Plate motions: general (3040), Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism: Paleomagnetism applied to tectonics: regional, global, Marine Geology and Geophysics: Plate tectonics (8150, 8155, 8157, 8158), Tectonophysics: Dynamics: convection currents, and mantle plumes, Tectonophysics: Hotspots, large igneous provinces, and flood basalt volcanism Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2007RG000227 Bibliographic Code: 2008RvGeo..46.3004T Abstract Plate tectonics constitutes our primary framework for understanding how the Earth works over geological timescales. High-resolution mapping of relative plate motions based on marine geophysical data has followed the discovery of geomagnetic reversals, mid-ocean ridges, transform faults, and seafloor spreading, cementing the plate tectonic paradigm. However, so-called ``absolute plate motions,'' describing how the fragments of the outer shell of the Earth have moved relative to a reference system such as the Earth's mantle, are still poorly understood. Accurate absolute plate motion models are essential surface boundary conditions for mantle convection models as well as for understanding past ocean circulation and climate as continent-ocean distributions change with time. A fundamental problem with deciphering absolute plate motions is that the Earth's rotation axis and the averaged magnetic dipole axis are not necessarily fixed to the mantle reference system. Absolute plate motion models based on volcanic hot spot tracks are largely confined to the last 130 Ma and ideally would require knowledge about the motions within the convecting mantle. In contrast, models based on paleomagnetic data reflect plate motion relative to the magnetic dipole axis for most of Earth's history but cannot provide paleolongitudes because of the axial symmetry of the Earth's magnetic dipole field. We analyze four different reference frames (paleomagnetic, African fixed hot spot, African moving hot spot, and global moving hot spot), discuss their uncertainties, and develop a unifying approach for connecting a hot spot track system and a paleomagnetic absolute plate reference system into a ``hybrid'' model for the time period from the assembly of Pangea (~320 Ma) to the present. For the last 100 Ma we use a moving hot spot reference frame that takes mantle convection into account, and we connect this to a pre-100 Ma global paleomagnetic frame adjusted 5° in longitude to smooth the reference frame transition. Using plate driving force arguments and the mapping of reconstructed large igneous provinces to core-mantle boundary topography, we argue that continental paleolongitudes can be constrained with reasonable confidence. Title: Performance of Echidna fiber positioner for FMOS on Subaru Authors: Akiyama, Masayuki; Smedley, Scott; Gillingham, Peter; Brzeski, Jurek; Farrell, Tony; Kimura, Masahiko; Muller, Rolf; Tamura, Naoyuki; Takato, Naruhisa Affiliation: AA(Astronomical Institute, Tohoku Univ. (Japan) and Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (United States)), AB(Anglo-Australian Observatory (Australia)), AC(Anglo-Australian Observatory (Australia)), AD(Anglo-Australian Observatory (Australia)), AE(Anglo-Australian Observatory (Australia)), AF(Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (United States)), AG(Anglo-Australian Observatory (Australia)), AH(Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (United States)), AI(Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (United States)) Publication: Advanced Optical and Mechanical Technologies in Telescopes and Instrumentation. Edited by Atad-Ettedgui, Eli; Lemke, Dietrich. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 7018, pp. 70182V-70182V-12 (2008). Publication Date: 07/2008 Origin: SPIE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. DOI: 10.1117/12.788968 Bibliographic Code: 2008SPIE.7018E..94A Abstract Echidna is a fiber positioner designed and built by the Anglo-Australian Observatory using novel technology to position 400 fibers in the prime focus field of the Subaru telescope. The fibers feed two near infrared OH-suppression spectrographs, the whole project being known as Fiber Multi Object Spectrograph (FMOS). In order to accommodate the large number of the fibers in the physically limited area, a new fiber positioning method is developed. Stand-alone tests of the positioner at sea level confirm its performance is fully satisfactory. Initial results and prospects of the on-sky commissioning tests of the positioner are also described. Title: Response to Comment on ``Major Australian-Antarctic Plate Reorganization at Hawaiian-Emperor Bend Time'' Authors: Whittaker, J. M.; Müller, R. D.; Leitchenkov, G.; Stagg, H.; Sdrolias, M.; Gaina, C.; Goncharov, A. Affiliation: AA(EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.), AB(EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.), AC(VNII Okeangeologia (Antarctic Branch), St. Petersburg 190121, Russia.), AD(Geoscience Australia, Canberra 2601, Australia.), AE(EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.), AF(Center for Geodynamics, Norwegian Geological Survey, Trondheim 7491, Norway.), AG(Geoscience Australia, Canberra 2601, Australia.) Publication: Science, Volume 321, Issue 5888, pp. 490 (). Publication Date: 07/2008 Origin: SCIENCE Abstract Copyright: (c) : Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1157501 Bibliographic Code: 2008Sci...321..490W Abstract Accurately locating boundaries between continental and oceanic crust is topical in view of locating offshore boundaries relevant to margin formation models, plate kinematics, and frontier resource exploration. Although we disagree with Tikku and Direen's interpretations, the associated controversies reflect an absence of agreed-upon geophysical criteria for distinguishing stretched continental from oceanic crust, and a lack of samples from nonvolcanic margins. Title: Using the Separation of Double Stars to Obtain the Plate Scale of a Telescope with a CCD Camera Attached Authors: Muller, R. J.; Cersosimo, J. C.; Centeno, D.; Miranda, V.; Rivera-Rivera, L.; Franco, E.; Morales, K. Publication: Journal of Double Star Observations, vol. 4, no. 3, p. 100-102. Publication Date: 07/2008 Origin: JDSO Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: University of South Alabama Bibliographic Code: 2008JDSO....4..100M Abstract A new CCD Camera was coupled to the NURO telescope in March 2006. We used the separation of selected binary stars in the Washington Double Star Catalog to calculate the new plate scale. The value of the plate scale obtained was, within the error bar, in agreement with the design (theoretical) value. We also report the position angle and separation obtained for these selected stars. Title: Comment on ``Resonant dissociative electron transfer of the presolvated electron to CCl4 in liquid: Direct observation and lifetime of the CCl4*- transition state'' [J. Chem. Phys. 128, 041102 (2008)] Authors: Müller, Rolf Affiliation: ICG-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany Publication: Journal of Chemical Physics, Volume 129, Issue 2, pp. 027101-027101-2 (2008). Publication Date: 07/2008 Origin: AIP Keywords: atmospheric chemistry, electron attachment, organic compounds, ozone, resonant states, stratosphere Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.2953723 Bibliographic Code: 2008JChPh.129b7101M Abstract A recent paper [J. Chem. Phys.128, 041102 (2008)] reports resonant dissociative electron transfer (RDET) to CCl4 in liquid ethanol. Part of the motivation for this work was the proposed importance of RDET processes for stratospheric ozone chemistry via dissociative electron attachment (DEA) triggered by cosmic ray activity in the polar winter stratosphere. In the present comment, it is argued that the relevance of DEA-induced destruction of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the polar stratosphere as a possible pathway for rapid chemical ozone destruction should not be a motivation for studies of DEA on CFC molecules; no correlation is observed between polar chemical ozone loss and cosmic ray activity. In any event, the relevance of this process as a key mechanism for the formation of the ozone hole should be presented as an issue debated in the scientific literature rather than as an established scientific fact. Title: Resolution of direction of oceanic magnetic lineations by the sixth-generation lithospheric magnetic field model from CHAMP satellite magnetic measurements Authors: Maus, S.; Yin, F.; Lühr, H.; Manoj, C.; Rother, M.; Rauberg, J.; Michaelis, I.; Stolle, C.; Müller, R. D. Affiliation: AA(National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, NOAA E/GC1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3328, USA); AB(GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam D-14473, Germany); AC(GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam D-14473, Germany); AD(National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, NOAA E/GC1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3328, USA); AE(GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam D-14473, Germany); AF(GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam D-14473, Germany); AG(GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam D-14473, Germany); AH(GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam D-14473, Germany); AI(School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia) Publication: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, Volume 9, Issue 7, CiteID Q07021 Publication Date: 07/2008 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism: Satellite magnetics: main field, crustal field, external field, Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism: Spatial variations: all harmonics and anomalies, Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism: Spatial variations attributed to seafloor spreading (3005) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2008GC001949 Bibliographic Code: 2008GGG.....907021M Abstract The CHAMP satellite continues to provide highly accurate magnetic field measurements from decreasing orbital altitudes (<350 km) at solar minimum conditions. Using the latest 4 years (2004-2007) of readings from the CHAMP fluxgate magnetometer, including an improved scalar data product, we have estimated the lithospheric magnetic field to spherical harmonic degree 120, corresponding to 333 km wavelength resolution. The data were found to be sensitive to crustal field variations up to degree 150 (down to 266 km wavelength), but a clean separation of the lithospheric signal from ionospheric and magnetospheric noise sources was achieved only to degree 120. This new MF6 model is the first satellite-based magnetic model to resolve the direction of oceanic magnetic lineations, revealing the age structure of oceanic crust. Title: High mobility electron-conducting thin-film transistors by organic vapor phase deposition Authors: Rolin, C.; Vasseur, K.; Schols, S.; Jouk, M.; Duhoux, G.; Müller, R.; Genoe, J.; Heremans, P. Affiliation: IMEC v.z.w., Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium Publication: Applied Physics Letters, Volume 93, Issue 3, id. 033305 (3 pages) (2008). Publication Date: 07/2008 Origin: AIP Keywords: chemical vapour deposition, high electron mobility transistors, organic semiconductors, semiconductor growth, semiconductor thin films, thin film transistors Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.2958229 Bibliographic Code: 2008ApPhL..93c3305R Abstract In this letter, we report on the growth of thin films of N,N'-ditridecylperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-C13H27) by organic vapor phase deposition (OVPD). Uniform films are deposited with a material utilization efficiency of 59+/-4% and deposition rates up to 15 A˚/s. Top-contact transistors based on OVPD-grown PTCDI-C13H27 show high n-type mobilities (up to 0.3 cm2/V s) and reproducible characteristics. The influence of deposition parameters on electrical properties is discussed. Title: Envisat MIPAS measurements of CFC-11: retrieval, validation, and climatology Authors: Hoffmann, L.; Kaufmann, M.; Spang, R.; Müller, R.; Remedios, J. J.; Moore, D. P.; Volk, C. M.; von Clarmann, T.; Riese, M. Affiliation: AA(Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre (ICG-1), Jülich, Germany Jülich, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre (ICG-1), Jülich, Germany), AC(Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre (ICG-1), Jülich, Germany), AD(Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre (ICG-1), Jülich, Germany), AE(EOS, Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK), AF(EOS, Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK), AG(J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt, Frankfurt, Germany), AH(Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Meteorologie and Klimaforschung, Karlsruhe, Germany), AI(Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre (ICG-1), Jülich, Germany) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 8, Issue 13, 2008, pp.3671-3688 Publication Date: 07/2008 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2008ACP.....8.3671H Abstract From July 2002 to March 2004 the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) aboard the European Space Agency's Environmental Satellite (Envisat) measured nearly continuously mid infrared limb radiance spectra. These measurements are utilised to retrieve the global distribution of the chlorofluorocarbon CFC-11 by applying a new fast forward model for Envisat MIPAS and an accompanying optimal estimation retrieval processor. A detailed analysis shows that the total retrieval errors of the individual CFC-11 volume mixing ratios are typically below 10% in the altitude range 10 to 25 km and that the systematic components dominate. Contribution of a priori information to the retrieval results are less than 5 to 10% and the vertical resolution of the observations is about 3 to 4 km in the same vertical range. The data are successfully validated by comparison with several other space experiments, an air-borne in-situ instrument, measurements from ground-based networks, and independent Envisat MIPAS analyses. The retrieval results from 425 000 Envisat MIPAS limb scans are compiled to provide a new climatological data set of CFC-11. The climatology shows significantly lower CFC-11 abundances in the lower stratosphere compared with the Reference Atmospheres for MIPAS (RAMstan V3.1) climatology. Depending on the atmospheric conditions the differences between the climatologies are up to 30 to 110 ppt (45 to 150%) at 19 to 27 km altitude. Additionally, time series of CFC-11 mean abundance and variability for five latitudinal bands are presented. The observed CFC-11 distributions can be explained by the residual mean circulation and large-scale eddy-transports in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The new CFC-11 data set is well suited for further scientific studies. Title: Quantification of transport across the boundary of the lower stratospheric vortex during Arctic winter 2002/2003 Authors: Günther, G.; Müller, R.; von Hobe, M.; Stroh, F.; Konopka, P.; Volk, C. M. Affiliation: AA(Institute for Chemistry and Geodynamics (ICG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany Chemistry and Geodynamics (ICG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AC(Institute for Chemistry and Geodynamics (ICG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AD(Institute for Chemistry and Geodynamics (ICG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AE(Institute for Chemistry and Geodynamics (ICG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AF(Institute for Meteorology and Geophysics, Universität Frankfurt, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 8, Issue 13, 2008, pp.3655-3670 Publication Date: 07/2008 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2008ACP.....8.3655G Abstract Strong perturbations of the Arctic stratosphere during the winter 2002/2003 by planetary waves led to enhanced stretching and folding of the vortex. On two occasions the vortex in the lower stratosphere split into two secondary vortices that re-merged after some days. As a result of these strong disturbances the role of transport in and out of the vortex was stronger than usual. An advection and mixing simulation with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) utilising a suite of inert tracers tagging the original position of the air masses has been carried out. The results show a variety of synoptic and small scale features in the vicinity of the vortex boundary, especially long filaments peeling off the vortex edge and being slowly mixed into the mid latitude environment. The vortex folding events, followed by re-merging of different parts of the vortex led to strong filamentation of the vortex interior. During January, February, and March 2003 flights of the Russian high-altitude aircraft Geophysica were performed in order to probe the vortex, filaments and in one case the merging zone between the secondary vortices. Comparisons between CLaMS results and observations obtained from the Geophysica flights show in general good agreement. Several areas affected by both transport and strong mixing could be identified, allowing explanation of many of the structures observed during the flights. Furthermore, the CLaMS simulations allow for a quantification of the air mass exchange between mid latitudes and the vortex interior. The simulation suggests that after the formation of the vortex was completed, its interior remaind relatively undisturbed. Only during the two re-merging events were substantial amounts of extra-vortex air transported into the polar vortex. When in March the vortex starts weakening additional influence from lower latitudes becomes apparent in the model results. In the lower stratosphere export of vortex air leads only to a fraction of about 5% polar air in mid latitudes by the end of March. An upper limit for the contribution of ozone depleted vortex air on mid-latitude ozone loss is derived, indicating that the maximum final impact of dilution is on the order of 50%. Title: White light interferometry for vertical artifact calibration Authors: Damian, V.; Bojan, Mihaela; Sima, A.; Cristea, Dana; Dinescu, A.; Muller, Raluca Affiliation: AA(National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (Romania)), AB(National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (Romania)), AC(National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (Romania)), AD(National Institute for Microtechnologies (Romania)), AE(National Institute for Microtechnologies (Romania)), AF(National Institute for Microtechnologies (Romania)) Publication: INDLAS 2007: Industrial Laser Applications. Edited by Udrea, Mircea. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 7007, pp. 70070J-70070J-6 (2008). Publication Date: 05/2008 Origin: SPIE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. DOI: 10.1117/12.801969 Bibliographic Code: 2008SPIE.7007E..19D Abstract In this paper we describe a traceable to the meter standard method to measure the height of an artifact used as a calibrator for observation instruments in nanotechnologies and nanosciences. The artifact is a grating specially manufactured so that its features (height, pitch, width, wall angles) are highly uniform across its area. A Linnik microscope designed for longitudinal (vertical) measurements using the principle of white light interferometry was used to determine the height of the grating. To insure the traceability of the measurements a laser source of known wavelength was used and the measurements obtained using white light were calibrated to it. The experimental data was statistically analyzed and the measurement precision was estimated to be in the range of nanometers. The data were compared with the results obtained using the TIC method with a Carl Zeiss microscope. Title: The Sensitivity of Polar Ozone Depletion to Proposed Geoengineering Schemes Authors: Tilmes, Simone; Müller, Rolf; Salawitch, Ross Affiliation: AA(National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO 80307, USA.), AB(Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.), AC(University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.) Publication: Science, Volume 320, Issue 5880, pp. 1201- (2008). Publication Date: 05/2008 Category: ATMOS Origin: SCIENCE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1153966 Bibliographic Code: 2008Sci...320.1201T Abstract The large burden of sulfate aerosols injected into the stratosphere by the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 cooled the Earth and enhanced the destruction of polar ozone in the subsequent few years. The continuous injection of sulfur into the stratosphere has been suggested as a ``geoengineering'' scheme to counteract global warming. We use an empirical relationship between ozone depletion and chlorine activation to estimate how this approach might influence polar ozone. An injection of sulfur large enough to compensate for surface warming caused by the doubling of atmospheric CO2 would strongly increase the extent of Arctic ozone depletion during the present century for cold winters and would cause a considerable delay, between 30 and 70 years, in the expected recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole. Title: Design Optimization for an Electro-Thermally Actuated Polymeric Microgripper Authors: Voicu, R.; Muller, R.; Eftime, L. Publication: eprint arXiv:0805.0901 Publication Date: 05/2008 Origin: ARXIV Keywords: Computer Science - Other Comment: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/handle/2042/16838); Dans Symposium on Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS - DTIP 2008, Nice: France (2008) Bibliographic Code: 2008arXiv0805.0901V Abstract Thermal micro-actuators are a promising solution to the need for large-displacement, gentle handling force, low-power MEMS actuators. Potential applications of these devices are micro-relays, assembling and miniature medical instrumentation. In this paper the development of thermal microactuators based on SU-8 polymer is described. The paper presents the development of a new microgripper which can realize a movement of the gripping arms with possibility for positioning and manipulating of the gripped object. Two models of polymeric microgripper electrothermo- mechanical actuated, using low actuation voltages, designed for SU-8 polymer fabrication were presented. The electro-thermal microgrippers were designed and optimized using finite element simulations. Electro-thermo-mechanical simulations based on finite element method were performed for each of the model in order to compare the results. Preliminary experimental tests were carried out. Title: Calibration method for direct conversion receiver front-ends Authors: Müller, R.; Jentschel, H.-J. Affiliation: AA(Institute of Traffic Communications Engineering, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Traffic Communications Engineering, Dresden University of Technology, Germany) Publication: Advances in Radio Science, Volume 6, 2008, pp.119-124 Publication Date: 05/2008 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2008AdRS....6..119M Abstract Technology induced process tolerances in analog circuits cause device characteristics different from specification. For direct conversion receiver front-ends a system level calibration method is presented. The malfunctions of the devices are compensated by tuning dominant circuit parameters. Thereto optimization techniques are applied which use measurement values and special evaluation functions. Title: Operational climate monitoring from space: the EUMETSAT satellite application facility on climate monitoring (CM-SAF) Authors: Schulz, J.; Albert, P.; Behr, H.-D.; Caprion, D.; Deneke, H.; Dewitte, S.; Dürr, B.; Fuchs, P.; Gratzki, A.; Hechler, P.; Hollmann, R.; Johnston, S.; Karlsson, K.-G.; Manninen, T.; Müller, R.; Reuter, M.; Riihelä, A.; Roebeling, R.; Selbach, N.; Tetzlaff, A.; Thomas, W.; Werscheck, M.; Wolters, E.; Zelenka, A. Affiliation: AA(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), D-63004 Offenbach, AB(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), D-63004 Offenbach, P.O. Box 10 04 65, Germany), AC(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), D-63004 Offenbach, P.O. Box 10 04 65, Germany), AD(Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMI), Ringlaan 3 Avenue Circulaire B-1180 Brussels, Belgium), AE(Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI), Wilhelminalaan 10 3732 GK De Bilt, The Netherlands), AF(Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMI), Ringlaan 3 Avenue Circulaire B-1180 Brussels, Belgium), AG(MeteoSchweiz, P.O. Box 514, CH-8044 Zürich, Switzerland), AH(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), D-63004 Offenbach, P.O. Box 10 04 65, Germany), AI(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), D-63004 Offenbach, P.O. Box 10 04 65, Germany), AJ(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), D-63004 Offenbach, P.O. Box 10 04 65, Germany), AK(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), D-63004 Offenbach, P.O. Box 10 04 65, Germany), AL(Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Folkborgsvägen 1 SE-601 76 Norrköping, Sweden), AM(Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Folkborgsvägen 1 SE-601 76 Norrköping, Sweden), AN(Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), P.O. BOX 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland), AO(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), D-63004 Offenbach, P.O. Box 10 04 65, Germany), AP(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), D-63004 Offenbach, P.O. Box 10 04 65, Germany), AQ(Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), P.O. BOX 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland), AR(Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI), Wilhelminalaan 10 3732 GK De Bilt, The Netherlands), AS(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), D-63004 Offenbach, P.O. Box 10 04 65, Germany), AT(Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Folkborgsvägen 1 SE-601 76 Norrköping, Sweden), AU(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), D-63004 Offenbach, P.O. Box 10 04 65, Germany), AV(Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), D-63004 Offenbach, P.O. Box 10 04 65, Germany), AW(Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI), Wilhelminalaan 10 3732 GK De Bilt, The Netherlands), AX(MeteoSchweiz, P.O. Box 514, CH-8044 Zürich, Switzerland) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Volume 8, Issue 3, 2008, pp.8517-8563 Publication Date: 05/2008 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2008ACPD....8.8517S Abstract The Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM-SAF) aims at the provision of satellite-derived geophysical parameter data sets suitable for climate monitoring. CM-SAF provides climatologies for Essential Climate Variables (ECV), as required by the Global Climate Observing System implementation plan in support of the UNFCCC. Several cloud parameters, surface albedo, radiation fluxes at the top of the atmosphere and at the surface as well as atmospheric temperature and humidity products form a sound basis for climate monitoring of the atmosphere. The products are categorized in monitoring data sets obtained in near real time and data sets based on carefully intercalibrated radiances. The CM-SAF products are derived from several instruments on-board operational satellites in geostationary and polar orbit, i.e., the Meteosat and NOAA satellites, respectively. The existing data sets will be continued using data from the instruments on-board the new EUMETSAT Meteorological Operational satellite (MetOP). The products have mostly been validated against several ground-based data sets both in situ and remotely sensed. The accomplished accuracy for products derived in near real time is sufficient to monitor variability on diurnal and seasonal scales. Products based on intercalibrated radiance data can also be used for climate variability analysis up to inter-annual scale. A central goal of the recently started Continuous Development and Operations Phase of the CM-SAF (2007-2012) is to further improve all CM-SAF data sets to a quality level that allows for studies of inter-annual variability. Title: Synchrotron radiation CT methods for 3D quantitative assessment of mechanically relevant ultrastructural properties in murine bone Authors: Schneider, Philipp; Voide, Romain; Stampanoni, Marco; Müller, Ralph Affiliation: AA(ETH Zürich (Switzerland)), AB(ETH Zürich (Switzerland)), AC(Paul Scherrer Institut (Switzerland)), AD(ETH Zürich (Switzerland)) Publication: Medical Imaging 2008: Physiology, Function, and Structure from Medical Images. Edited by Hu, Xiaoping P.; Clough, Anne V. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 6916, pp. 691619-691619-12 (2008). Publication Date: 04/2008 Origin: SPIE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. DOI: 10.1117/12.772668 Bibliographic Code: 2008SPIE.6916E..42S Abstract Recent data have shown that predicting bone strength can be greatly improved by including microarchitectural parameters in the analysis. Moreover, bone ultrastructure has been implicated as an important contributor to bone strength. We therefore hypothesized that a better understanding of phenotypes linked to bone ultrastructure will provide new insight in the assessment of bone quality and its contribution to bone strength and fracture risk. Therefore, we first developed an experimental design to assess quantitatively ultrastructural murine bone tissue properties non-invasively in three dimensions by using synchrotron radiation-based (SR) computed tomography (CT) methods with resolutions on the order of one micrometer and below. New morphometric indices were introduced to quantify ultrastructural phenotypes of murine cortical bone assessed by our SR CT-based setup, namely the canal network and the osteocyte lacunar system. These ultrastructural phenotypes were then successfully studied in two genetically distinct mouse strains. Finally, we provided strong evidence for a significant influence of the canal network on murine bone mechanics. In the long run, we believe that the morphometric analysis of the ultrastructural phenotypes and the study of bone phenotypes at different hierarchy levels, in conjunction with bone mechanics, will provide new insights in the assessment of bone quality. Title: Age, spreading rates, and spreading asymmetry of the world's ocean crust Authors: Müller, R. Dietmar; Sdrolias, Maria; Gaina, Carmen; Roest, Walter R. Affiliation: AA(EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Building H11, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia); AB(EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Building H11, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia); AC(Center for Geodynamics, Geological Survey of Norway, Leiv Eirikssons Vei 39, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway); AD(Département Géosciences Marines, Ifremer, BP 70, F-29280 Plouzané, France) Publication: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, Volume 9, Issue 4, CiteID Q04006 Publication Date: 04/2008 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Marine Geology and Geophysics: Plate tectonics (8150, 8155, 8157, 8158), Tectonophysics: Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle: general (1213), Tectonophysics: Plate motions: past (3040) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2007GC001743 Bibliographic Code: 2008GGG.....904006M Abstract We present four companion digital models of the age, age uncertainty, spreading rates, and spreading asymmetries of the world's ocean basins as geographic and Mercator grids with 2 arc min resolution. The grids include data from all the major ocean basins as well as detailed reconstructions of back-arc basins. The age, spreading rate, and asymmetry at each grid node are determined by linear interpolation between adjacent seafloor isochrons in the direction of spreading. Ages for ocean floor between the oldest identified magnetic anomalies and continental crust are interpolated by geological estimates of the ages of passive continental margin segments. The age uncertainties for grid cells coinciding with marine magnetic anomaly identifications, observed or rotated to their conjugate ridge flanks, are based on the difference between gridded age and observed age. The uncertainties are also a function of the distance of a given grid cell to the nearest age observation and the proximity to fracture zones or other age discontinuities. Asymmetries in crustal accretion appear to be frequently related to asthenospheric flow from mantle plumes to spreading ridges, resulting in ridge jumps toward hot spots. We also use the new age grid to compute global residual basement depth grids from the difference between observed oceanic basement depth and predicted depth using three alternative age-depth relationships. The new set of grids helps to investigate prominent negative depth anomalies, which may be alternatively related to subducted slab material descending in the mantle or to asthenospheric flow. A combination of our digital grids and the associated relative and absolute plate motion model with seismic tomography and mantle convection model outputs represents a valuable set of tools to investigate geodynamic problems. Title: The case for dynamic subsidence of the U.S. east coast since the Eocene Authors: Spasojevic, Sonja; Liu, Lijun; Gurnis, Michael; Müller, R. Dietmar Affiliation: AA(Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA); AB(Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA); AC(Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA); AD(School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia) Publication: Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 35, Issue 8, CiteID L08305 Publication Date: 04/2008 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Tectonophysics: Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle: general (1213), Global Change: Sea level change (1222, 1225, 4556), Tectonophysics: Continental tectonics: general (0905), Geographic Location: North America, Information Related to Geologic Time: Cenozoic Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2008GL033511 Bibliographic Code: 2008GeoRL..3508305S Abstract The dynamic subsidence of the United States east coast is addressed using the discrepancy between regional and global estimates of sea level, elevation of paleoshorelines, and adjoint models of mantle convection that assimilate plate motions and seismic tomography. The positions of Eocene and Miocene paleoshorelines are lower than predicted by global sea levels, suggesting at least 50 m, and possibly as much as 200 m of subsidence since the end of the Eocene. Dynamic models predict subsidence of the east coast since the end of Eocene, although the exact magnitude is uncertain. This subsidence has been occurring during an overall global sea-level fall, with the eustatic change being larger than the dynamic subsidence; this results in a regional sea-level fall in the absence of land subsidence. Dynamic subsidence is consistent with the difference between eustasy and regional sea level at the New Jersey coastal plain. Title: A systematized WYSIWYG pipeline for digital stereoscopic 3D filmmaking Authors: M{\"{u}}ller, Robert; Ward, Chris; Husák, Michal Affiliation: AA(Lightspeed Design (USA)), AB(Lightspeed Design (USA)), AC(Lightspeed Design (USA)) Publication: Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XIX. Edited by Woods, Andrew J.; Holliman, Nicolas S.; Merritt, John O. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 6803, pp. 68030V-68030V-12 (2008). Publication Date: 03/2008 Origin: SPIE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. DOI: 10.1117/12.766871 Bibliographic Code: 2008SPIE.6803E..29M Abstract Digital tools are transforming stereoscopic 3D content creation and delivery, creating an opportunity for the broad acceptance and success of stereoscopic 3D films. Beginning in late 2005, a series of mostly CGI features has successfully initiated the public to this new generation of highly-comfortable, artifact-free digital 3D. While the response has been decidedly favorable, a lack of high-quality live-action films could hinder long-term success. Liveaction stereoscopic films have historically been more time-consuming, costly, and creatively-limiting than 2D films - thus a need arises for a live-action 3D filmmaking process which minimizes such limitations. A unique 'systematized' what-you-see-is-what-you-get (WYSIWYG) pipeline is described which allows the efficient, intuitive and accurate capture and integration of 3D and 2D elements from multiple shoots and sources - both live-action and CGI. Throughout this pipeline, digital tools utilize a consistent algorithm to provide meaningful and accurate visual depth references with respect to the viewing audience in the target theater environment. This intuitive, visual approach introduces efficiency and creativity to the 3D filmmaking process by eliminating both the need for a 'mathematician mentality' of spreadsheets and calculators, as well as any trial and error guesswork, while enabling the most comfortable, 'pixel-perfect', artifact-free 3D product possible. Title: Long-Term Sea-Level Fluctuations Driven by Ocean Basin Dynamics Authors: Müller, R. Dietmar; Sdrolias, Maria; Gaina, Carmen; Steinberger, Bernhard; Heine, Christian Affiliation: AA(EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, Building H11, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.), AB(EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, Building H11, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.), AC(Center for Geodynamics, Geological Survey of Norway, Leiv Eirikssons vei 39, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.), AD(Center for Geodynamics, Geological Survey of Norway, Leiv Eirikssons vei 39, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.), AE(EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, Building H11, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.) Publication: Science, Volume 319, Issue 5868, pp. 1357- (2008). Publication Date: 03/2008 Category: OCEANS Origin: SCIENCE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1151540 Bibliographic Code: 2008Sci...319.1357M Abstract Earth's long-term sea-level history is characterized by widespread continental flooding in the Cretaceous period (~145 to 65 million years ago), followed by gradual regression of inland seas. However, published estimates of the Late Cretaceous sea-level high differ by half an order of magnitude, from ~40 to ~250 meters above the present level. The low estimate is based on the stratigraphy of the New Jersey margin. By assimilating marine geophysical data into reconstructions of ancient ocean basins, we model a Late Cretaceous sea level that is 170 (85 to 270) meters higher than it is today. We use a mantle convection model to suggest that New Jersey subsided by 105 to 180 meters in the past 70 million years because of North America's westward passage over the subducted Farallon plate. This mechanism reconciles New Jersey margin based sea-level estimates with ocean basin reconstructions. Title: Sound-Diffracting Flap in the Ear of a Bat Generates Spatial Information Authors: Müller, Rolf; Lu, Hongwang; Buck, John R. Affiliation: AA(School of Physics and Microelectronics, Shandong University, Hongjia Lou 5, 250100 Jinan, China), AB(School of Physics and Microelectronics, Shandong University, Hongjia Lou 5, 250100 Jinan, China), AA(Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and School for Marine Science & Technology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts, USA) Publication: Physical Review Letters, vol. 100, Issue 10, id. 108701 Publication Date: 03/2008 Origin: APS Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: The American Physical Society DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.108701 Bibliographic Code: 2008PhRvL.100j8701M Abstract Sound diffraction by the mammalian ear generates source-direction information. We have obtained an immediate quantification of this information from numerical predictions. We demonstrate the power of our approach by showing that a small flap in a bat's pinna generates useful information over a large set of directions in a central band of frequencies: presence of the flap more than doubled the solid angle with direction information above a given threshold. From the workings of the employed information measure, the Cramér-Rao lower bound, we can explain how physical shape is linked to sensory information via a strong sidelobe with frequency-dependent orientation in the directivity pattern. This method could be applied to any other mammal species with pinnae to quantify the relative importance of pinna structures' contributions to directional information and to facilitate interspecific comparisons of pinna directivity patterns. Title: Shape deformations of surface-charged microdroplets Authors: Giglio, E.; Gervais, B.; Rangama, J.; Manil, B.; Huber, B. A.; Duft, D.; Müller, R.; Leisner, T.; Guet, C. Affiliation: AA(Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Ions Lasers (CIRIL), CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN Boîte Postale 5133, F-14070 Caen, France), AB(Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Ions Lasers (CIRIL), CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN Boîte Postale 5133, F-14070 Caen, France), AC(Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Ions Lasers (CIRIL), CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN Boîte Postale 5133, F-14070 Caen, France), AD(Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Ions Lasers (CIRIL), CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN Boîte Postale 5133, F-14070 Caen, France), AE(Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Ions Lasers (CIRIL), CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN Boîte Postale 5133, F-14070 Caen, France), AA(Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Postfach 100565, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany), AB(Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Postfach 100565, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany), AC(Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Postfach 100565, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany), AA(CEA/Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France) Publication: Physical Review E, vol. 77, Issue 3, id. 036319 Publication Date: 03/2008 Origin: APS Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: The American Physical Society DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.77.036319 Bibliographic Code: 2008PhRvE..77c6319G Abstract We present the deformation pathway of critically charged glycol and water droplets from the onset of the Rayleigh instability and compare it to numerical results, obtained for perfectly conducting inviscid droplets. In this simple model presented here, the time evolution of the droplet shape is given by the velocity potential equation. The Laplace equation for the velocity potential is solved by expanding the potential onto harmonic functions. For the part of the pathway dominated by electrostatic pressure, the calculations reproduce the experimental data nicely, obtained for both, glycol and water microdroplets. We find that the droplet shape and in particular the tips, just before charge emission, are well fitted by a lemon shape. We stress that the tip is tangent to a cone of 39° and thus significantly narrower than a Taylor cone. Title: Phase behavior of polyelectrolyte multilayer investigated by thin film calorimetry Authors: Huth, H.; M{\"{u}}ller, R.; Fery, A.; Schick, C. Publication: American Physical Society, 2008 APS March Meeting, March 10-14, 2008, abstract \#C1.027 Publication Date: 03/2008 Origin: APS Bibliographic Code: 2008APS..MAR.C1027H Abstract Polyelectrolyte multilayer can be easily assembled using spraying or dipping of the different polyelectrolytes [1]. The thickness of the produced layers (nanometer range) is well controlled by the preparation conditions. Only a few methods are available for dynamic investigations, as afm for mechanical properties [2]. AC-chip calorimetry is used as a very sensitive tool for calorimetric investigations of such thin films as demonstrated for thin polymeric films [3]. To investigate the phase behavior of polyelectrolytes the humidity is used as a new parameter in addition to temperature for calorimetry. First measurements with the modified calorimeter for the PSS/PDADMAC polyelectrolyte multilayer system are shown. Further extensions of the calorimeter for better understanding of the phase behavior are discussed. [1] Decher, G. and J.D. Hong, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 1991. 95(11): 1430. [2] M{\"{u}}ller, R., et al. Macromolecules, 2005. 38(23): 9766. [3] Huth, H., Minakov, A. A., Schick, C., J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 2006 44: 2996. Title: Model simulations of stratospheric ozone loss caused by enhanced mesospheric NOx during Arctic Winter 2003/2004 Authors: Vogel, B.; Konopka, P.; Grooß, J.-U.; Müller, R.; Funke, B.; Lopéz-Puertas, M.; Reddmann, T.; Stiller, G.; von Clarmann, T.; Riese, M. Affiliation: AA(Research Centre Jülich, Institute for Stratospheric Research (ICG-1), Jülich, Germany Institute for Stratospheric Research (ICG-1), Jülich, Germany), AC(Research Centre Jülich, Institute for Stratospheric Research (ICG-1), Jülich, Germany), AD(Research Centre Jülich, Institute for Stratospheric Research (ICG-1), Jülich, Germany), AE(Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Granada, Spain), AF(Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Granada, Spain), AG(Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe, Germany), AH(Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe, Germany), AI(Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe, Germany), AJ(Research Centre Jülich, Institute for Stratospheric Research (ICG-1), Jülich, Germany) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Volume 8, Issue 2, 2008, pp.4911-4947 Publication Date: 03/2008 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2008ACPD....8.4911V Abstract Satellite observations show that the enormous solar proton events (SPEs) in October-November 2003 had significant effects on the composition of the stratosphere and mesosphere in the polar regions. After the October-November 2003 SPEs and in early 2004 significant enhancements of NOx(=NO+NO2) in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere in the Northern Hemisphere were observed by several satellite instruments. Here we present global full chemistry calculations performed with the CLaMS model to study the impact of mesospheric NOx intrusions on Arctic polar ozone loss processes in the stratosphere. Several model simulations are preformed with different upper boundary conditions for NOx at 2000 K potential temperature (≈50 km altitude). In our study we focus on the impact of the non-local production of NOx which means the downward transport of enhanced NOx from the mesosphere in the stratosphere. The local production of NOx in the stratosphere is neglected. Our findings show that intrusions of mesospheric air into the stratosphere, transporting high burdens of NOx, affect the composition of the Arctic polar region down to about 400 K (≈17-18 km). We compare our simulated NOx and O3 mixing ratios with satellite observations by ACE-FTS and MIPAS processed at IMK/IAA and derive an upper limit for the ozone loss caused by enhanced mesospheric NOx. Our findings show that in the Arctic polar vortex (Equivalent Lat.>70° N) the accumulated column ozone loss between 350-2000 K potential temperature (≈14-50 km altitude) caused by the SPEs in October-November 2003 in the stratosphere is up to 3.3 DU with an upper limit of 5.5 DU until end of November. Further we found that about 10 DU but lower than 18 DU accumulated ozone loss additionally occurs until end of March 2004 caused by the transport of mesospheric NOx-rich air in early 2004. In the lower stratosphere (350-700 K≈14-27 km altitude) the SPEs of October-November 2003 have negligible small impact on ozone loss processes until end of November and the mesospheric NOx intrusions in early 2004 yield ozone loss about 3.5 DU, but clearly lower than 6.5 DU until end of March. Overall, the non-local production of NOx is an additional variability to the existing variations of the ozone loss observed in the Arctic. Title: Envisat MIPAS measurements of CFC-11: retrieval, validation, and climatology Authors: Hoffmann, L.; Kaufmann, M.; Spang, R.; Müller, R.; Remedios, J. J.; Moore, D. P.; Volk, C. M.; von Clarmann, T.; Riese, M. Affiliation: AA(Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre (ICG-1), Jülich, Germany Jülich, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre (ICG-1), Jülich, Germany), AC(Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre (ICG-1), Jülich, Germany), AD(Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre (ICG-1), Jülich, Germany), AE(EOS, Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK), AF(EOS, Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK), AG(J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt, Frankfurt, Germany), AH(Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Meteorologie and Klimaforschung, Karlsruhe, Germany), AI(Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre (ICG-1), Jülich, Germany) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Volume 8, Issue 2, 2008, pp.4561-4602 Publication Date: 03/2008 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2008ACPD....8.4561H Abstract From July 2002 to March 2004 the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) aboard the European Space Agency's Environmental Satellite (Envisat) measured nearly continuously mid infrared limb radiance spectra. These measurements are utilised to retrieve the global distribution of the chlorofluorocarbon CFC-11 by applying a new fast forward model for Envisat MIPAS and an accompanying optimal estimation retrieval processor. A detailed analysis shows that the total retrieval errors of the individual CFC-11 volume mixing ratios are typically below 10% and that the systematic components are dominating. Contribution of a priori information to the retrieval results are less than 5 to 10%. The vertical resolution of the observations is about 3 to 4 km. The data are successfully validated by comparison with several other space experiments, an air-borne in-situ instrument, measurements from ground-based networks, and independent Envisat MIPAS analyses. The retrieval results from 425 000 Envisat MIPAS limb scans are compiled to provide a new climatological data set of CFC-11. The climatology shows significantly lower CFC-11 abundances in the lower stratosphere compared with the Reference Atmospheres for MIPAS (RAMstan V3.1) climatology. Depending on the atmospheric conditions the differences between the climatologies are up to 30 to 110 ppt (45 to 150%) at 19 to 27 km altitude. Additionally, time series of CFC-11 mean abundance and variability for five latitudinal bands are presented. The observed CFC-11 distributions can be explained by the residual mean circulation and large-scale eddy-transports in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The new CFC-11 data set is well suited for further scientific studies. Title: Chemical ozone loss in the Arctic winter 1991-1992 Authors: Tilmes, S.; Müller, R.; Salawitch, R. J.; Schmidt, U.; Webster, C. R.; Oelhaf, H.; Camy-Peyret, C. C.; Russell, J. M., III Affiliation: AA(National Center for Atmospheric Research, AB(Institute for Stratospheric Research (ICG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany), AC(Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, California, USA), AD(J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany), AE(Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, California, USA), AF(IMK-ASF, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany), AG(Universite Pierre et Marie Curie and CNRS, Ivry-sur-Seine, France), AH(Hampton University, Virginia 23668, USA) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 8, Issue 7, 2008, pp.1897-1910 Publication Date: 03/2008 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2008ACP.....8.1897T Abstract Chemical ozone loss in winter 1991-1992 is recalculated based on observations of the HALOE satellite instrument, Version 19, ER-2 aircraft measurements and balloon data. HALOE satellite observations are shown to be reliable in the lower stratosphere below 400 K, at altitudes where the measurements are most likely disturbed by the enhanced sulfate aerosol loading, as a result of the Mt.~Pinatubo eruption in June 1991. Significant chemical ozone loss (13-17 DU) is observed below 380 K from Kiruna balloon observations and HALOE satellite data between December 1991 and March 1992. For the two winters after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption, HALOE satellite observations show a stronger extent of chemical ozone loss towards lower altitudes compared to other Arctic winters between 1991 and 2003. In spite of already occurring deactivation of chlorine in March 1992, MIPAS-B and LPMA balloon observations indicate that chlorine was still activated at lower altitudes, consistent with observed chemical ozone loss occurring between February and March and April. Large chemical ozone loss of more than 70 DU in the Arctic winter 1991-1992 as calculated in earlier studies is corroborated here. Title: A new neutron spin echo spectrometer with time-gradient magnetic fields: First experimental test Authors: Ioffe, A.; Bodnarchuk, V.; Bussmann, K.; Müller, R.; Georgii, R. Affiliation: AA(Institut für Festkörperforschung, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at FRM II, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany), AB(Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Festkörperforschung Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Scattering Methods, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AC(Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Festkörperforschung Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Scattering Methods, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AD(Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Festkörperforschung Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Scattering Methods, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AE(Neutronenquelle Maier-Leibnitz, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany) Publication: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, Volume 586, Issue 1, p. 36-40. Publication Date: 02/2008 Origin: ELSEVIER Keywords: 61.05.fg, 78.70.Nx, 25.40.Dn, 28.20.Cz Abstract Copyright: Elsevier B.V. DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2007.11.060 Bibliographic Code: 2008NIMPA.586...36I Abstract Results of the first neutron test of a new neutron-spin echo (NSE) spectrometer based upon the use of time-gradient magnetic fields are presented: observed performance is in a very good agreement with theoretical predictions. The main advantage of this new NSE technique is a practical absence of limits on the shape and size of the spin turners that principally allows for the realization of rather long coils for the high tilt angles required for the phonon-focusing NSE method, cylindrical coils required for the wide angle NSE spectroscopy with a simultaneous data acquisition in a broad Q-range, etc. Title: The impact of transport across the polar vortex edge on Match ozone loss estimates Authors: Grooß, J.-U.; Müller, R.; Konopka, P.; Steinhorst, H.-M.; Engel, A.; Möbius, T.; Volk, C. M. Affiliation: AA(Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre, ICG-1: Stratosphäre, Germany), AB(Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre, ICG-1: Stratosphäre, Germany), AC(Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre, ICG-1: Stratosphäre, Germany), AD(Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre, ICG-1: Stratosphäre, Germany), AE(Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt, Germany), AF(Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt, Germany), AG(Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt, Germany) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 8, Issue 3, 2008, pp.565-578 Publication Date: 02/2008 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2008ACP.....8..565G Abstract The Match method for the quantification of polar chemical ozone loss is investigated mainly with respect to the impact of the transport of air masses across the vortex edge. For the winter 2002/03, we show that significant transport across the vortex edge occurred and was simulated by the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere. In-situ observations of inert tracers and ozone from HAGAR on the Geophysica aircraft and balloon-borne sondes, and remote observations from MIPAS on the ENVISAT satellite were reproduced well by CLaMS. The model even reproduced a small vortex remnant that remained a distinct feature until June 2003 and was also observed in-situ by a balloon-borne whole air sampler. We use this CLaMS simulation to quantify the impact of transport across the vortex edge on ozone loss estimates from the Match method. We show that a time integration of the determined vortex average ozone loss rates, as performed in Match, results in a larger ozone loss than the polar vortex average ozone loss in CLaMS. The determination of the Match ozone loss rates is also influenced by the transport of air across the vortex edge. We use the model to investigate how the sampling of the ozone sondes on which Match is based represents the vortex average ozone loss rate. Both the time integration of ozone loss and the determination of ozone loss rates for Match are evaluated using the winter 2002/2003 CLaMS simulation. These impacts can explain the majority of the differences between CLaMS and Match column ozone loss. While the investigated effects somewhat reduce the apparent discrepancy in January ozone loss rates reported earlier, a distinct discrepancy between simulations and Match remains. However, its contribution to the accumulated ozone loss over the winter is not large. Title: A quadratic programming problem arising from vector precoding in wireless communications Authors: Müller, R. R.; Guo, D.; Moustakas, A. L. Affiliation: AA(Department of Electronics & Telecommunications, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ), AB(Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA ), AC(Physics Department, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece) Publication: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 95, Issue 1, pp. 012006 (2008). Publication Date: 01/2008 Origin: IOP DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/95/1/012006 Bibliographic Code: 2008JPhCS..95a2006M Abstract A quadratic programming problem is studied in the limit of asymptotically large kernel matrices by means of the replica method. It is found that inverse Wishart kernels are---within the validity range of the replica symmetric solution---asymptotically invariant to Cartesian relaxations. In the context of vector precoding for wireless communication systems with dual antenna arrays, so-called MIMO systems, this implies that adding more transmit antennas cannot reduce the minimum required transmit energy per bit significantly. By contrast, a new convex relaxation is proposed and shown to be a practical and useful method. Title: Corrosion and crystallization at the inner surfaces of glass bricks Authors: Demoraes, F.; Muller, W.; Frischat, G.; Muller, R. Publication: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 354, issue 2-9, pp. 284-289 Publication Date: 01/2008 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.07.086 Bibliographic Code: 2008JNCS..354..284D Abstract Not Available Title: Preparation and Handling Large Quantities of JSC-1A Lunar Regolith Simulant for the 2007 Regolith Excavation Challenge Authors: Everingham, Matthew R.; Pelster, Nicholas; M{\"{u}}ller, Robert P.; Davidian, Kenneth Affiliation: AA(California Space Authority, 3201 Airpark Drive, Santa Maria, CA 93455; California Space Education and Workforce Institute, 150 East Colorado Blvd, Suite 302, Pasadena, CA 91105. AB(California Space Authority, 3201 Airpark Drive, Santa Maria, CA 93455; California Space Education and Workforce Institute, 150 East Colorado Blvd, Suite 302, Pasadena, CA 91105), AC(National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899), AD(National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Headquarters, DC 20546) Publication: SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2008: 12th Conference on Thermophysics Applications in Microgravity; 1st Symposium on Space Resource Utilization; 25th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion; 6th Conference on Human/Robotic Technology and the Vision for Space Exploration; 6th Symposium on Space Colonization; 5th Symposium on New Frontiers and Future Concept. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 969, pp. 268-273 (2008). Publication Date: 01/2008 Origin: AIP Keywords: lunar surface, densification, space research Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.2844977 Bibliographic Code: 2008AIPC..969..268E Abstract The 2007 Regolith Excavation Challenge, a NASA Centennial Challenge, was conducted in May 2007 at Santa Maria, California. This lunar analog activity was intended to encourage competitors to design innovative excavation systems that can accommodate the unique properties of lunar regolith while performing within the limitations of operational constraints. For the challenge, the excavation systems were required to be autonomous, weigh less than 40 kilograms, operate on less than 30 watts, and excavate more than 150 kg of regolith in 30 minutes. In order to support the competition event, eight tons of JSC-1A lunar regolith simulant was acquired. A large ``sand box'' was built to contain the regolith simulant for the competition event. Handling the large quantities of simulant introduced several challenges and several insightful observations (dust, stability, etc.) were made that could potentially benefit other research employing lunar regolith simulant. One of the most challenging aspects of the competition was the attempt to best replicate lunar regolith compaction with the simulant. Due to the size of the ``sand box'' and the amount of simulant, many methods of densification were considered prior to the event. The results revealed good compaction can be obtained in large test bins of simulant presenting an opportunity for using this analog in other important lunar exploration systems tests. Title: Trade Study of Excavation Tools and Equipment for Lunar Outpost Development and ISRU Authors: M{\"{u}}ller, R. P.; King, R. H. Affiliation: AA(Advanced Systems Division, M/S:KT-C, NASA, Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899, USA. Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA) Publication: SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2008: 12th Conference on Thermophysics Applications in Microgravity; 1st Symposium on Space Resource Utilization; 25th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion; 6th Conference on Human/Robotic Technology and the Vision for Space Exploration; 6th Symposium on Space Colonization; 5th Symposium on New Frontiers and Future Concept. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 969, pp. 237-244 (2008). Publication Date: 01/2008 Origin: AIP Keywords: lunar surface, decision theory, excavators, reduction (chemical), aerospace instrumentation Abstract Copyright: (c) 2008: American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.2844973 Bibliographic Code: 2008AIPC..969..237M Abstract The NASA Lunar Architecture Team (LAT) has developed a candidate architecture to establish a lunar outpost that includes in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). Outpost development requires excavation for landing and launch sites, roads, trenches, foundations, radiation and thermal shielding, etc. Furthermore, ISRU requires excavation as feed stock for water processing and oxygen production plants. The design environment for lunar excavation tools and equipment including low gravity, cost of launching massive equipment, limited power, limited size, high reliability, and extreme temperatures is significantly different from terrestrial excavation equipment design environment. Consequently, the lunar application requires new approaches to developing excavation tools and equipment in the context of a systems engineering approach to building a Lunar Outpost. Several authors have proposed interesting and innovative general excavation approaches in the literature, and the authors of this paper will propose adaptations and/or new excavation concepts specific to the Lunar Outpost. The requirements for excavation from the LAT architecture will be examined and quantified with corresponding figures of merit and evaluation criteria. This paper will evaluate the proposed approaches using traditional decision making with uncertainty techniques. Title: Simple measures of ozone depletion in the polar stratosphere Authors: Müller, R.; Grooß, J.-U.; Lemmen, C.; Heinze, D.; Dameris, M.; Bodeker, G. Affiliation: AA(ICG-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AC(ICG-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; now at: Copernicus Instituut voor Duurzame Ontwikkeling en Innovatie, Universiteit Utrecht, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands and Institut für Küstenforschung, GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany), AD(ICG-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AE(DLR, IPA, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany), AF(NIWA, Private Bag 50061, Omakau Central Otago, New Zealand) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 8, Issue 2, 2008, pp.251-264 Publication Date: 01/2008 Origin: EDP Bibliographic Code: 2008ACP.....8..251M Abstract We investigate the extent to which quantities that are based on total column ozone are applicable as measures of ozone loss in the polar vortices. Such quantities have been used frequently in ozone assessments by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and also to assess the performance of chemistry-climate models. The most commonly considered quantities are March and October mean column ozone poleward of geometric latitude 63° and the spring minimum of daily total ozone minima poleward of a given latitude. Particularly in the Arctic, the former measure is affected by vortex variability and vortex break-up in spring. The minimum of daily total ozone minima poleward of a particular latitude is debatable, insofar as it relies on one single measurement or model grid point. We find that, for Arctic conditions, this minimum value often occurs in air outside the polar vortex, both in the observations and in a chemistry-climate model. Neither of the two measures shows a good correlation with chemical ozone loss in the vortex deduced from observations. We recommend that the minimum of daily minima should no longer be used when comparing polar ozone loss in observations and models. As an alternative to the March and October mean column polar ozone we suggest considering the minimum of daily average total ozone poleward of 63° equivalent latitude in spring (except for winters with an early vortex break-up). Such a definition both obviates relying on one single data point and reduces the impact of year-to-year variability in the Arctic vortex break-up on ozone loss measures. Further, this measure shows a reasonable correlation (r=-0.75) with observed chemical ozone loss. Nonetheless, simple measures of polar ozone loss must be used with caution; if possible, it is preferable to use more sophisticated measures that include additional information to disentangle the impact of transport and chemistry on ozone. Title: Slepian-Based Two-Dimensional Estimation of Time-Frequency Variant MIMO-OFDM Channels Authors: Salvo Rossi, Pierluigi; Muller, Ralf R. Publication: IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 15, pp. 21-24 Publication Date: 00/2008 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1109/LSP.2007.910289 Bibliographic Code: 2008ISPL...15...21S Abstract Not Available Title: Evaluation of CLaMS, KASIMA and ECHAM5/MESSy simulations in the Northern Hemisphere lower stratosphere using observations of Odin/SMR and ILAS/ILAS-II Authors: Khosrawi, Farahnaz; M{\"{u}}ller, Rolf; Proffitt, Michael H.; Urban, Joachim; Ruhnke, Roland; Kirner, Ole; Grooss, Jens-Uwe; Murtagh, Donal P.; Nakajima, Hideaki Affiliation: AA(Stockholm University),AB(Forschungszentrum Juelich),AC(Proffitt Instruments Inc.),AD(Chalmers University of Technology),AE(Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe),AF(Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe),AG(Forschungszentrum Juelich),AH(Chalmers University of Technology),AI(NIES) Publication: 37th COSPAR Scientific Assembly. Held 13-20 July 2008, in Montréal, Canada., p.1504 Publication Date: 00/2008 Origin: ADS Comment: Symposium A, session 11 (poster). Paper number: A11-0236-08 Bibliographic Code: 2008cosp...37.1504K Abstract Monthly distributions of averages of nitrous oxide (N2 O) and ozone (O3 ) have been suggested as a tool for the evaluation of atmospheric photochemical models. Satellite measurements in general have a good spatial and temporal resolution and provide data sets for both, the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. Here, we present two data sets, one derived from the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS and ILAS-II) and one from the Odin Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (Odin/SMR). From both data sets 1-year climatologies of monthly averaged N2 O and O3 were derived for the polar lower stratosphere by partitioning the data into bins of potential temperature. The resulting families of curves help to differentiate between O3 changes due to photochemistry from those due to transport. These 1-year climatologies are used for the evaluation of two Chemical Transport Models (CTMs), the Karlsruhe Simulation Model for the Middle Atmosphere (KASIMA) and the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) as well as for one Chemistry-Climate Model (CCM), the atmospheric chemistry general circulation model ECHAM5/MESSy1 (E5M1) in the Northern Hemisphere polar lower stratosphere. Thereby, a good agreement of the model simulations with the climatologies derived from the satellite data is found. Title: Results of an operational validation of CMSAF surface radiation budget products Authors: Hollmann, Rainer; M{\"{u}}ller, Richard; Traeger-Chatterjee, Christine Affiliation: AA(Deutscher Wetterdienst),AB(Deutscher Wetterdienst),AC(Deutscher Wetterdienst) Publication: 37th COSPAR Scientific Assembly. Held 13-20 July 2008, in Montréal, Canada., p.1260 Publication Date: 00/2008 Origin: ADS Comment: Symposium A, session 11 (oral). Paper number: A11-0004-08 Bibliographic Code: 2008cosp...37.1260H Abstract Starting in January 2005 with the processing of NOAA-AVHRR data, the SAF on Climate Monitoring (CM-SAF, http://www.cmsaf.dwd.de) derives operationally cloud and radiation parameters in high spatial resolution for an area that covers Europe and part of the North- Atlantic. Cloud and surface radiation products are based on data from the polar orbiting satellites NOAA (and in future METOP) for the northern latitudes. With the beginning of September 2005 data from MSG (METEOSAT-8) for mid latitudes are used as well for the calculation of the surface radiation budget, deriving shortand longwave fluxes, as well as for the calculation of its budgets. Since beginning of 2007 CM-SAF also provides surface radiation data for the full disk of MSG. To monitor and investigate the quality of the CM-SAF datasets high quality surface radiation budget measurements from different climates zones are used. Several BSRN stations in Europe have been chosen as reference sites, where shortly after the reception of the data an operational validation is been performed. For the full disk area which is covering as Africa as well, there is a lack of surface sites. To overcome this it means that for validation exercises also data from measurement campaigns like RADAGAST/AMMA are used to assess the quality of the CM-SAF surface radiation data in the tropical convergence zones. Furthermore, most recently, high quality operational ship based measurements are used for validation over ocean areas. It can be concluded, that the overall quality of the CM-SAF all components of the surface radiation fluxes is better than 10 W/m2 on monthly time scales. The presentation will address the achieved accuracy of the SRB-products for Europe and Africa and will discuss upcoming improvements of algorithms. Title: HINODE SOT Observations - First Preliminary Analysis Authors: Hanslmeier, A.; Müller, R.; Roudier, Th.; Rieutord, M. Publication: Central European Astrophysical Bulletin, Vol. 32, p. 25-28 Publication Date: 00/2008 Origin: CEAB Keywords: Hinode, SOT, photosphere, fine structure observations Bibliographic Code: 2008CEAB...32...25H Abstract In this paper we present some preliminary analysis of Hinode-SOT data: time series as well as synoptic data. We show that the data are influenced by periodic intensity variations as well as bad images appear. This should be taken into account when analysing the data. Title: Development of pure-tone auditory threshold in school children Authors: Müller, Reinhard Publication: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 123, issue 5, p. 3723 Publication Date: 00/2008 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1121/1.2935193 Bibliographic Code: 2008ASAJ..123Q3723M Abstract Not Available Title: Evaluation of heterogeneous processes in the polar lower stratosphere in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Authors: Tilmes, Simone; Kinnison, Douglas E.; Garc{\'{\i}}a, Rolando R.; Müller, Rolf; Sassi, Fabrizio; Marsh, Daniel R.; Boville, Byron A. Affiliation: AA(National Center of Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA); AB(National Center of Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA); AC(National Center of Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA); AD(Institute for Stratospheric Chemistry (ICG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AE(National Center of Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA); AF(National Center of Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA); AG(National Center of Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA) Publication: Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 112, Issue D24, CiteID D24301 Publication Date: 12/2007 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: constituent transport and chemistry (3334), Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: composition and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Evolution of the atmosphere (1610, 8125), Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Pressure, density, and temperature, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Instruments and techniques Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2006JD008334 Bibliographic Code: 2007JGRD..11224301T Abstract Chemical ozone loss in the polar lower stratosphere is derived from an ensemble of three simulations from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM3) for the period 1960-2003, using the tracer-tracer correlation technique. We describe a detailed model evaluation of the polar region by applying diagnostics such as vortex temperature, sharpness of the vortex edge, and the potential of activated chlorine (PACl). Meteorological and chemical information about the polar vortex, temperature, vortex size, and activation time, and level of equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine, are included in PACl. Discrepancies of the relationship between chemical ozone loss and PACl between model and observations are discussed. Simulated PACl for Antarctica is in good agreement with observations, owing to slightly lower simulated temperatures and a larger vortex volume than observed. Observed chemical ozone loss of 140 +/- 30 DU in the Antarctic vortex core are reproduced by the WACCM3 simulations. However, WACCM3 with the horizontal resolution used here (4 × 5) is not able to simulate the observed sharp transport barrier at the polar vortex edge. Therefore the model does not produce an homogeneous cold polar vortex. Warmer temperatures in the outer region of the vortex result in less chemical ozone loss over the entire polar vortex than observed. For the Arctic, WACCM3 temperatures are biased high (by 2-3 degrees in the annual average) and the vortex volume and chlorine activation period is significantly smaller than observed. WACCM3 Arctic chemical ozone loss only reaches 20 DU for cold winters, where observations suggest ~80-120 DU. Title: Impact of mesospheric intrusions on ozone-tracer relations in the stratospheric polar vortex Authors: Müller, Rolf; Tilmes, Simone; Grooß, Jens-Uwe; Engel, Andreas; Oelhaf, Hermann; Wetzel, Gerald; Huret, Nathalie; Pirre, Michel; Catoire, Valéry; Toon, Geoff; Nakajima, Hideaki Affiliation: AA(Institute for Stratospheric Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AB(Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA); AC(Institute for Stratospheric Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AD(Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany); AE(Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany); AF(Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany); AG(Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement, CNRS, Orléans, France); AH(Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement, CNRS, Orléans, France); AI(Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement, CNRS, Orléans, France); AJ(Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA); AK(Atmospheric Environment Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan) Publication: Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 112, Issue D23, CiteID D23307 Publication Date: 12/2007 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: constituent transport and chemistry (3334), Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: composition and chemistry, Atmospheric Processes: Middle atmosphere dynamics (0341, 0342), Atmospheric Processes: Mesospheric dynamics Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2006JD008315 Bibliographic Code: 2007JGRD..11223307M Abstract Ozone-tracer relations are used to quantify chemical ozone loss in the polar vortices. The underlying assumptions for the application of this technique were extensively discussed in recent years. However, the impact intrusions of mesospheric air into the polar stratosphere have on estimates of chemical ozone loss based on the ozone-tracer technique has not hitherto been studied. Here, we revisit observations of an intrusion of mesospheric air down to altitudes of ~25 km (~600 K potential temperature) in the Arctic vortex in 2003. The mesospheric intrusion was identified in three balloon profiles in January and March 2003 as a strong enhancement in CO. In contrast, NO y was not enhanced in the mesospheric air relative to surrounding air masses as shown by the measurement in late March 2003. The measurements influenced by mesospheric air show ozone mixing ratios ranging between 3.6 and 5.6 ppm, which are clearly greater than those found in the ``early vortex'' reference relation employed to deduce chemical ozone loss. Thus the impact of intrusions of mesospheric air into the polar vortex on chemical ozone loss estimates based on ozone-tracer relations are likely small; the correlations cannot be affected in a way that would lead to an overestimate of ozone depletion. Therefore ozone-tracer relations may be used for deducing chemical ozone loss in Arctic winter 2002-2003. Here we use ILAS-II satellite measurements to deduce an average chemical ozone loss in the vortex core for the partial column 380-550 K of 37 +/- 11 Dobson units in March and of 50 +/- 10 Dobson units in April 2003. Title: Biosonar-inspired technology: goals, challenges and insights Authors: Müller, Rolf; Kuc, Roman Affiliation: AA(School of Physics & Microelectronics, Shandong University, Hongjia Lou 5, 250100 Jinan, People's Republic of China ), AB(Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA) Publication: Bioinspiration and Biomimetics, Volume 2, Issue 4, pp. S146-S161 (2007). Publication Date: 12/2007 Origin: IOP DOI: 10.1088/1748-3182/2/4/S04 Bibliographic Code: 2007BiBi....2..146M Abstract Bioinspired engineering based on biosonar systems in nature is reviewed and discussed in terms of the merits of different approaches and their results: biosonar systems are attractive technological paragons because of their capabilities, built-in task-specific knowledge, intelligent system integration and diversity. Insights from the diverse set of sensing tasks solved by bats are relevant to a wide range of application areas such as sonar, biomedical ultrasound, non-destructive testing, sensors for autonomous systems and wireless communication. Challenges in the design of bioinspired sonar systems are posed by transducer performance, actuation for sensor mobility, design, actuation and integration of beamforming baffle shapes, echo encoding for signal processing, estimation algorithms and their implementations, as well as system integration and feedback control. The discussed examples of experimental systems have capabilities that include localization and tracking using binaural and multiple-band hearing as well as self-generated dynamic cues, classification of small deterministic and large random targets, beamforming with bioinspired baffle shapes, neuromorphic spike processing, artifact rejection in sonar maps and passing range estimation. In future research, bioinspired engineering could capitalize on some of its strengths to serve as a model system for basic automation methodologies for the bioinspired engineering process. Title: Eocene to Miocene geometry of the West Antarctic Rift System Authors: Müller, R. D.; Gohl, K.; Cande, S. C.; Goncharov, A.; Golynsky, A. V. Publication: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 54, issue 8, pp. 1033-1045 Publication Date: 12/2007 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1080/08120090701615691 Bibliographic Code: 2007AuJES..54.1033M Abstract Not Available Title: A comprehensive model for bipolar electrical switching of CuTCNQ memories Authors: Billen, J.; Steudel, S.; Müller, R.; Genoe, J.; Heremans, P. Affiliation: IMEC v.z.w., Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Publication: Applied Physics Letters, Volume 91, Issue 26, id. 263507 (3 pages) (2007). Publication Date: 12/2007 Origin: AIP Keywords: aluminium, copper, electrical conductivity transitions, MIM structures, organic compounds, switching, titanium compounds, ytterbium compounds Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.2827590 Bibliographic Code: 2007ApPhL..91z3507B Abstract The generally observed bipolar electrical switching of Cu\CuTCNQ\metal memories (metal=Al,Yb,Ti) between two stable resistance states is shown to occur at the CuTCNQ\metal interface and not in the bulk of CuTCNQ. The switching is explained by a model involving electrochemical formation and dissolution of Cu filaments at the interface. In this mechanism, CuTCNQ acts as solid ionic conductor and source for the Cu+ cations. The model also explains earlier reported findings of bipolar switching in CuTCNQ devices, including the apparently contradictory observation that neutral TCNQ appears in the low-resistance state. Title: Continuously closing plates: A new Paleogeographic concept and application to geodynamic models Authors: Gurnis, M.; Turner, M.; Spasojevic, S.; Bower, D.; Liu, L.; Manea, V.; Muller, R. D.; Boyden, J.; Sdrolias, M.; Dicaprio, L. Affiliation: AA(Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States; Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States; Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States; Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States; Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States; Centro de Geociencias - UNAM Campus, Juriquilla, Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW AJ(School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, abstract \#DI14A-07 Publication Date: 12/2007 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 3040 Plate tectonics (8150, 8155, 8157, 8158), 7270 Tomography (6982, 8180), 8120 Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle: general (1213), 8157 Plate motions: past (3040) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2007AGUFMDI14A..07G Abstract Global plate tectonic reconstructions are inadequate for geodynamics, either as information to be assimilated into a model or as the basis to map a prediction into the geological record. Published reconstructions are often crudely spaced in time, have large swaths of the surface ambiguously defined, and/or have plate margin evolution inconsistent with plate motions. We have overcome these limitations with the formulation and implementation of a new method to represent plate tectonic reconstructions. Referred to as either "continuously closing" or "dynamically closing" plate polygons, the new method has been implemented using the new plate tectonic modeling package GPlates, global reconstruction have been developed with the method, and then reconstructions have been assimilated into forward and adjoint mantle convection models. Essentially, a plate is defined as a polygon that is made up of a finite set of plate boundaries. Each plate boundary is associated with its own set of finite rotations in an absolute reference system. These plate boundaries are continuously rotated and an algorithm finds the intersection of adjacent plate boundaries. Two adjacent plates always share a boundary. Using this method in GPlates, we have developed several global plate reconstructions from 140 Ma to the present. Since plate closure is continuous in time, reconstructions can exist at any granularity of time. Our present model has been output at 1 Myr time intervals. Subduction zones and their polarity are continuously tracked. The present plate reconstructions are self-consistent with a set of oceanic paleo age grids. We will illustrate the use of the new reconstructions in several applications drawn from our recent work: (1) regional subduction models; (2) global models of thermo-chemical convection in the lower mantle; (3) inverse and adjoint models of the descent of the Farallon slab; and (4) instantaneous models of global plate motions. Title: Mantle convection and reference frames: Inverse models with plate motions, tomography and sea level Authors: Gurnis, M.; Liu, L.; Spasojevic, S.; Turner, M.; Muller, R. D. Affiliation: AA(Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States; Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States; Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States; Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States; Geosciences, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2006, Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, abstract \#U34A-07 Publication Date: 12/2007 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 3040 Plate tectonics (8150, 8155, 8157, 8158), 7270 Tomography (6982, 8180), 8120 Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle: general (1213), 8157 Plate motions: past (3040) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2007AGUFM.U34A..07G Abstract Paleo plate motions, the vertical motion of plates, and seismic tomographic images place fundamental constraint on models of mantle convection. We have developed forward and inverse models of mantle convection using these constraints self consistently. Using new paleogeographic concepts and reconstructions, implementations of adjoint and inverse models of convection, and stratigraphic forward models in the plate frame, we apply our method to North America over the last 100 Myr. In order to make a closer link between plate motions and mantle convection, we have developed a new paleogeographic concept (&145;dynamically closing plate polygons') and developed plate reconstructions 140 Ma to the present. Seismic tomography is used explicitly by using an adjoint of the equations in CitcomS. We have implemented a forward-adjoint looping that solves for the initial conditions while minimizing the difference between predicted and observed present day structure. Since the scaling from seismic anomalies to mantle temperature and mantle viscosity are both uncertain, we apply additional constraints from regional sea level observations on an inverse problem. Finally, prediction of vertical motions (dynamic topography) from the forward models is translated into the plate frame and tested with paleo-shorelines, sediment isopachs, and tectonic subsidence curves. Applied to North America since 100 Ma, we find that as North America moved westward, a long wavelength dynamic topography depression swept eastward over the continent. The Farallon slab, as imaged by seismic topography, is currently below the central Atlantic coast of the US. Sea level fall since the Cretaceous, inferred from boreholes on the Atlantic coast are estimated to be less than 100 m, 100 to 200 meters lower than inferred from either ridge volume or the average flooding of continents. Using this discrepancy between regional and eustatic sea level, as well as the well known anomalous Cretaceous subsidence (and subsequent uplift) of the western interior seaway, we are able to constrain the inverse model of mantle convection. The self-consistent model suggests that the marine flooding of the western interior sea way was not an unusual &145;event' in which North America regionally subsided. Rather, North America moved over a more or less fixed downwelling and the "event" was only recorded when eustatic sea level was elevated. The use of the US Atlantic margin as a stable reference frame for sea level is called into question and the unusually small sea level fall may have been caused by a gradual subsidence of the east coast as it moved over the Farallon slab downwelling. Title: Izanagi-Pacific Ridge Subduction and its Geodynamic Consequences Authors: Müller, R. D.; Whittaker, J. M.; Sdrolias, M. Affiliation: AA(EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Building H11, Codrington Street, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Building H11, Codrington Street, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Building H11, Codrington Street, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, abstract \#U34A-06 Publication Date: 12/2007 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 1532 Reference fields: regional, global, 3040 Plate tectonics (8150, 8155, 8157, 8158), 3060 Subduction zone processes (1031, 3613, 8170, 8413), 8120 Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle: general (1213), 8157 Plate motions: past (3040) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2007AGUFM.U34A..06M Abstract As part of a global plate tectonic model for 140 Ma to the present we present a revised plate reconstruction for the western Pacific and investigate its geodynamic consequences. In our plate model, mid-ocean ridge subduction beneath southern Japan occurs at 60-55 Ma, 20 million years later than proposed for Kula-Pacific or Farallon- Izanagi ridge subduction. The difference arises because Izanagi-Pacific (I-P) spreading ceases in previous models after 110 Ma while our model incorporates continued spreading until the I-P ridge subducts beneath eastern Asia at 60-55 Ma. We regard cessation of spreading at the I-P ridge between 110 and 80 Ma as unlikely as the Izanagi plate was undergoing rapid motion, driven by net slab-pull force, from the north-northwest, immediately prior to the proposed spreading cessation. Metamorphism of the Ryoke Belt in southern Japan has previously been attributed to Kula-Pacific ridge subduction at 85 Ma, but the high-T/low-P Ryoke Belt cannot be uniquely linked to a ridge subduction event. We propose that sub-parallel subduction of the I-P mid-ocean ridge beneath Japan at 60-55 Ma resulted in nearly simultaneous slab break-off along the length of the Japanese trench (approximately 2700 km). Geological evidence for this model includes cessation of a major accretion phase in the late Cretaceous, emplacement of the Okitsu Melange due to subduction of hot, buoyant material at 55 Ma, and cross-cutting fault fabrics that indicate a counter-clockwise rotation in relative plate motions between Eurasia and the I-P plate, consistent with palaeothermal and palaeopressure data, some time between 55 and 34 Ma. Rapid subduction of the I-P ridge, over a vast distance, may have triggered a chain reaction of tectonic plate reorganizations. With complete subduction of the I-P ridge at 55 Ma, forces acting on the western edge of the Pacific Plate would have changed from ridge-push to slab pull, changing Pacific absolute plate motions from northwest to west. A combination of Australian and Pacific plate motion changes between 53 Ma and 50 Ma then initiated both the Tonga-Kermadec subduction system and the Izu-Bonin-Marianas subduction systems around 50Ma, likely due to convergence across a fracture zone caused by the Pacific plate motion change. We suggest that the observed slowdown of sub-Pacific mantle flow at 47 Ma was due to progressive impediment of lateral sub-Pacific mantle flow by the descending slabs of the Izu-Bonin-Marianas and Tonga-Kermadec subduction zones. Title: Cenozoic Tilting of the Australian Continent due to Dynamic Topography Authors: Dicaprio, L.; Gurnis, M.; Muller, R. D. Affiliation: AA(University of Sydney, H11 Geology Demountables, School of Geosciences University of Sydney NSW 2006, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Technology, Seismological Laboratory 1200 E. California Blvd., MS 252-21, Pasadena, CA 91125-2100, United States; H11 Geology Demountables, School of Geosciences University of Sydney NSW 2006, Sydney, NSW 2006, Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, abstract \#U13A-0867 Publication Date: 12/2007 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 1211 Non-tectonic deformation, 8120 Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle: general (1213), 8157 Plate motions: past (3040), 8169 Sedimentary basin processes, 8175 Tectonics and landscape evolution Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2007AGUFM.U13A0867D Abstract We investigate the possibility of a mantle-dynamic origin to account for the observed pattern of inundation of the Australian continent in the Cenozoic. Since the Paleocene, the Australian continent has experienced a series of regional marine incursions and regressions, which are inconsistent with the expected flooding history due to changes in eustatic sea level alone. During this time, the Australian continent has undergone no major episodes of mountain building or rifting which might account for these patterns of inundation. Since the Eocene, the Australian plate underwent rapid northward motion as the spreading rate at the South East Indian Ridge increased. As it moved northwards, the Australian plate moved away from a dynamic topography low caused by the sinking Gondwanaland slab beneath the South East Indian Ridge, and towards a dynamic topography low caused by subducted slab material in South East Asia. It is thought that these dynamic topography features at the southern and northern extremes of the Australian plate produce an underlying static and long wavelength dynamic feature over which the Australian plate has migrated through the Cenozoic. This dynamic feature should be expressed by an increase in the latitudinal asymmetry of the Australian dynamic signal. Estimates of the dynamic motion of the Australian plate since the Paleocene are made by matching observed patterns of marine incursion with models of marine inundation. Models of inundation are created by backstripping sediment from present-day topography and dynamic motion is quantified by the displacement needed to approximate the observed flooding according to eustatic sea level. We explore the trend of these displacements according to their paleo-position. Preliminary analysis suggests that the continent is influenced by a dynamic feature that is both temporally and spatially varying. We attempt to interpret the evolving dynamic topography field of Australia in the context of kinematic and 3-D dynamic models of the Australian region which provide an integrated explanation for the patterns of marine inundation in the Cenozoic. Title: Oblique, ultra-slow Australian-Antarctic spreading mechanism explains lateral differences in transitional crust Authors: Whittaker, J.; Müller, R. D.; Goncharov, A. Affiliation: AA(School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Building H11 Codrington St University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Building H11 Codrington St University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW AC(Geoscience Australia, Cnr Jerrabomberra Ave & Hindmarsh Drive SYMONSTON, Canberra, ACT 2609, Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, abstract \#T53B-1318 Publication Date: 12/2007 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 3035 Midocean ridge processes, 3045 Seafloor morphology, geology, and geophysics, 8105 Continental margins: divergent (1212, 8124), 8157 Plate motions: past (3040), 9330 Australia Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2007AGUFM.T53B1318W Abstract A zone of transitional crust, up to 120 km in width, separates continental and oceanic crust on the Southern Australian and East Antarctic conjugate margins. Offshore southern Western Australia the transition zone is composed of the very rough E-W oriented ridges of the Diamantina Zone, while further east the crust changes to be composed of rough tilted basement blocks. A matching pattern exists in the conjugate Antarctic transition zone. The different types of transitional crust formed during a period of oblique northwest-southeast relative Australian-Antarctic plate motion that occurred until 50 Ma, ~30 million years longer than previously thought (Whitttaker et al., Major Australian-Antarctic plate reorganization at Hawaiian-Emperor bend time, Science, in press). During this period relative motion was slower and more oblique at the western end of the rift system compared to the east due to relative counter-clockwise motion of Australia. We have established a clear relationship between the rate and obliquity of plate motions and the roughness of the crust. The ultra-slow and very oblique motion in the west corresponds to the very rough E-W oriented ridges of the Diamantina Zone, while the slightly faster and less oblique motion in the east corresponds with the less rough, tilted fault block fabric of the central Australian Bight. Along the entire margin the boundary between the rough basement and normal ocean floor corresponds with the change in relative Aus-Ant plate motions from NW-SE to N-S at ~50 Ma. Title: Mid-Ocean Ridge Subduction Offshore Alaska During the Cretaceous Authors: Sdrolias, M.; Müller, R. D.; Gaina, C.; Torsvik, T. Affiliation: AA(EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Building H11, Codrington Street, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Building H11, Codrington Street, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Geodynamics, Norwegian Geological Survey, Leiv Eirikssons vei 39, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway; Norwegian Geological Survey, Leiv Eirikssons vei 39, Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, abstract \#T13D-1575 Publication Date: 12/2007 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 3040 Plate tectonics (8150, 8155, 8157, 8158), 8104 Continental margins: convergent, 8157 Plate motions: past (3040), 8170 Subduction zone processes (1031, 3060, 3613, 8413) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2007AGUFM.T13D1575S Abstract We present a framework for the tectonic development of the Arctic region through a set of regional plate and ocean floor reconstructions since the early Cretaceous. In order to understand the effect of time-dependent geometries of mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones and collisional plate boundaries on Arctic basin evolution and reactivation through time, we reconstruct now subducted ocean floor, including portions of tectonic plates which have now entirely vanished, and restore their plate boundary configurations and subduction history. We reconstruct paleo-oceans by creating "synthetic plates", the locations and geometry of which are established on the basis of magnetic lineations and fracture zones, geological data and the rules of plate tectonics. The absolute position of the Pacific Plate and its surrounding plates is restored using a Pacific hotspot reference frame, whereas all other plates are reconstructed based on an African-Indian hotspot reference system. This approach is required because the Pacific Plate was entirely surrounded by subduction zones in the Cretaceous, and therefore Pacific Ocean plates cannot be related to other tectonic plates via relative plate motions. Our reconstructions reveal that the Izanagi-Farallon spreading ridge was subducted underneath Alaska from about 120-100Ma. Prior to 120 Ma the northern portion of the Izagani-Farallon plate boundary was a convergent boundary according to our reconstructions, implying that between 140 and 120 Ma a subducting slab was overridden by the Alaskan North Slope and possibly other associated terranes. The Izanagi-Farallon subduction zone (before 120 Ma) and mid-ocean ridge (after 120 Ma) was oriented roughly orthogonal to the overriding plate. Trench subduction would have been associated with negative dynamic topography on the overriding plate, whereas an eastward migrating slab window underneath North Slope and its border terranes may have resulted in asthenospheric upwelling and extension. Mid-Cretaceous (Aptian to Santonian) rocks are missing over much of the Alaska Peninsula, presumably eroded, and the widespread absence of rocks of this age suggests uplift and erosion of the entire terrane during a portion of Aptian to Santonian time. These observations generally support our model, but the relative roles of trench and ridge subduction for causing the widespread regional erosion or for triggering the opening of the Canada basin remain open. Title: The Ozone Hole -- a Mystery Reborn? Authors: von Hobe, M.; Grooß, J.; Müller, R.; Stroh, F. Affiliation: AA(Inst. of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere ICG-1: Stratosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany; and Dynamics of the Geosphere ICG-1: Stratosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere ICG-1: Stratosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, AD(Inst. of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere ICG-1: Stratosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, abstract \#A43A-0870 Publication Date: 12/2007 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 0317 Chemical kinetic and photochemical properties, 0340 Middle atmosphere: composition and chemistry, 1704 Atmospheric sciences Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2007AGUFM.A43A0870V Abstract In 1985, Farman et al. discovered the near complete disappearance of the stratospheric ozone layer over Antarctica in spring. This 'Ozone Hole' took the atmospheric research community by surprise as it could not be explained by the known catalytic cycles removing ozone in the stratosphere. McElroy et al. (1986) and Molina and Molina (1987) seemed to have solved the enigma by proposing two new catalytic cycles -- the ClO-BrO-cycle and the ClO dimer cycle -- that could rapidly destroy ozone at cold temperatures and high zenith angles. Subsequent work describing the kinetics of these cycles as well as stratospheric observations of chlorine and bromine compounds supported their theory and led to atmospheric chemistry models reproducing observed ozone loss reasonably well. Today, more than 20 years after the discovery of the ozone hole and the ratification of the Montreal Protocol, a new laboratory study (Pope et al., 2007) -- suggesting much smaller absorption cross sections and hence photolysis rates of the ClO dimer -- seriously calls into question our understanding of how ozone is destroyed in the spring polar stratosphere. With the new cross sections, both the dimer cycle and the ClO-BrO-cycle run much slower, and observations of neither chlorine compounds nor ozone loss are reproduced by model simulations (von Hobe et al., 2007): the known catalytic cycles cannot cause an ozone hole. Obviously, this also calls into question our ability to predict future polar ozone depletion. In search for an explanation, we discuss possible shortcomings of the Pope et al. experiment that could lead to an underestimation of the dimer absorption and examine various new chemical processes for their likelihood to influence chlorine partitioning and cause significant ozone loss in the atmosphere and at the same time go undetected in laboratory based kinetic studies. A strategy is presented for designing the tests needed to unambiguously confirm or rule out proposed solutions to the dilemma. Farman, J.C. et al., Nature 315, 207, 1985. McElroy, M.B. et al., Nature 321, 759, 1986. Molina, L.T. and Molina, M.J., J. Phys. Chem. 91, 433, 1987. Pope, F.D.et al., J. Phys. Chem. A 111, 4322, 2007. von Hobe, M. et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7, 3055, 2007. Title: Quantification of transport across the boundary of the lower stratospheric vortex during Arctic winter 2002/2003 Authors: Günther, G.; Müller, R.; von Hobe, M.; Stroh, F.; Konopka, P.; Volk, C. M. Affiliation: AA(Institute for Chemistry and Geodynamics (ICG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany Chemistry and Geodynamics (ICG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AC(Institute for Chemistry and Geodynamics (ICG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AD(Institute for Chemistry and Geodynamics (ICG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AE(Institute for Chemistry and Geodynamics (ICG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AF(Institute for Meteorology and Geophysics, Universität Frankfurt, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Volume 7, Issue 6, 2007, pp.17559-17597 Publication Date: 12/2007 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2007ACPD....717559G Abstract Strong perturbations of the Arctic stratosphere during the winter 2002/2003 by planetary waves led to enhanced stretching and folding of the vortex. On two occasions the vortex in the lower stratosphere split into two secondary vortices that re-merged after some days. As a result of these strong disturbances the role of transport in and out of the vortex was stronger than usual. An advection and mixing simulation with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) utilising a suite of inert tracers tagging the original position of the air masses has been carried out. The results show a variety of synoptic and small scale features in the vicinity of the vortex boundary, especially long filaments peeling off the vortex edge and being slowly mixed into the mid latitude environment. The vortex folding events, followed by re-merging of different parts of the vortex led to strong filamentation of the vortex interior. During January, February, and March 2003 flights of the Russian high-altitude aircraft Geophysica were performed in order to probe the vortex, filaments and in one case the merging zone between the secondary vortices. Comparisons between CLaMS results and observations obtained from the Geophysica flights show in general good agreement. Several areas affected by both, transport and strong mixing could be identified, allowing to explain some of the structures observed during the flights. Furthermore, the CLaMS simulations allow for a quantification of the air mass exchange between mid latitudes and the vortex interior. The simulations suggest that in the lower stratosphere export of vortex air leads only to a fraction of about 6% polar air in mid latitudes by the end of March. This indicates that the final impact of polar ozone loss on mid latitidudinal ozone before the vortex break up is small. Title: A New Search For Warp's Evidence At The Southern Hemisphere Authors: Cersosimo, Juan C.; Mader, S. L.; Azcárate, D. E.; Muller, R. J.; Santiago Figueroa, N. A.; Lozada Soto, C. A.; Figueroa Vélez, S. Affiliation: AA(University of Puerto Rico), AB(CSIRO Parkes Observatory, Australia), AC(Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía, Argentina), AD(University of Puerto Rico), AE(University of Puerto Rico), AF(University of Puerto Rico), AG(University of Puerto Rico) Publication: American Astronomical Society, AAS Meeting \#211, \#14.21; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 39, p.762 Publication Date: 12/2007 Origin: AAS Abstract Copyright: (c) 2000: American Astronomical Society Bibliographic Code: 2007AAS...211.1421C Abstract Results where obtained from observations of the H166alpha radio recombination line emission in the direction of the fourth quadrant of the Galactic Plane using the 64 meter antenna of the CSIRO, located in Parkes, New South Wales, Australia. We obtain the distribution of thermal gas in the longitude range between l=268o and l=300o and also between galactic latitude b=-3o to b=+1.5o . We resume the data cube (l, b, v) in (l,b) plots at different velocity ranges. It is apparent that the distribution of the ionized gas shows a warped structure. The goal of this research is the computation of the kinematical distances of the emission. The analysis suggests that the sources are located at a distance between 1 and 9 kpc from the sun and into a z-height range from 10 to 160 pc under the Galactic plane. Title: Obsservational Data of Binary Stars Authors: Muller, Rafael J.; Centeno, D. C.; Rivera-Rivera, L. A.; Morales, K.; Ramos, K.; Franco, E. Affiliation: AA(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao,Dept of Physics), AB(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao, Dept of Physics), AC(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao, Dept of Physics), AD(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao, Dept of Physics), AE(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao,Dept of Physics), AF(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao,Dept of Physics) Publication: American Astronomical Society, AAS Meeting \#211, \#03.38; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 39, p.729 Publication Date: 12/2007 Origin: AAS Abstract Copyright: (c) 2000: American Astronomical Society Bibliographic Code: 2007AAS...211.0338M Abstract The coupling of a CCD camera to a telescope allows us to use a precise simple and straightforward method for measuring separation and position angle of binary stars. The data obtained is suitable for insertion in the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO)- Washington Double Star Catalog. The data is gathered at the 31 inch National Undergraduate Research Observatory (NURO) Telescope at the Anderson Mesa location of Lowell Observatory, 20 miles east of Flagstaff, Arizona, at an altitude of 7200 feet. We used a 2K x 2K Loral CCD camera (NASACAM) with 27 micron pixels with a field of view of 16' x 16' and a plate scale of.515 arc seconds/ pixel. Title: Numerical study of the effect of the noseleaf on biosonar beamforming in a horseshoe bat Authors: Zhuang, Qiao; Müller, Rolf Affiliation: AA(School of Physics and Microelectronics, Shandong University, Hongjia Lou 5, 250100 Jinan, China), AB(School of Physics and Microelectronics, Shandong University, Hongjia Lou 5, 250100 Jinan, China) Publication: Physical Review E, vol. 76, Issue 5, id. 051902 Publication Date: 11/2007 Origin: APS Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: The American Physical Society DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.051902 Bibliographic Code: 2007PhRvE..76e1902Z Abstract Around 300 bat species are known to emit their ultrasonic biosonar pulses through the nostrils. This nasal emission coincides with the presence of intricately shaped baffle structures surrounding the nostrils. Some prior experimental evidence indicates that these ``noseleaves'' have an effect on the shape of the animals' radiation patterns. Here, we present a numerical acoustical analysis of the noseleaf of a horseshoe bat species. We show that all three distinctive parts of its noseleaf (``lancet," ``sella," ``anterior leaf'') have an effect on the acoustic near field as well as on the directivity pattern. Furthermore, we show that furrows in one of the parts (the lancet) also exert such an influence. The underlying physical mechanisms suggested by the properties of the estimated near field are cavity resonance, as well as reflection and shadowing of the sound waves emitted by the nostrils. In their effects on the near field, the noseleaf parts showed a tendency toward spatial partitioning with the effects due to each part dominating a certain region. However, interactions between the acoustic effects of the parts were also evident, most notably, a synergism between two frequency-dependent effects (cavity resonance and shadowing) to produce an even stronger frequency selectivity. Title: Umbral Fine Structures in Sunspots Observed with Hinode Solar Optical Telescope Authors: Kitai, Reizaburo; Watanabe, Hiroko; Nakamura, Tahei; Otsuji, Ken-Ichi; Matsumoto, Takuma; Ueno, Satoru; Nagata, Shin'ichi; Shibata, Kazunari; Muller, Richard; Ichimoto, Kiyoshi; Tsuneta, Saku; Suematsu, Yoshinori; Katsukawa, Yukio; Shimizu, Toshifumi; Tarbell, Theodore D.; Shine, Richard A.; Title, Alan M.; Lites, Bruce Affiliation: AA(Kwasan Observatory, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 17 Ohmine-cho Kita Kazan, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8471; Hida Observatory, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kurabashira, Kamitakara-cho, Takayama, Gifu Observatory, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 17 Ohmine-cho Kita Kazan, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8471; Hida Observatory, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kurabashira, Kamitakara-cho, Takayama, Gifu 506-1314) AC(Kwasan Observatory, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 17 Ohmine-cho Kita Kazan, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8471; Hida Observatory, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kurabashira, Kamitakara-cho, Takayama, Gifu 506-1314) AD(Kwasan Observatory, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 17 Ohmine-cho Kita Kazan, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8471; Hida Observatory, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kurabashira, Kamitakara-cho, Takayama, Gifu 506-1314) AE(Kwasan Observatory, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 17 Ohmine-cho Kita Kazan, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8471; Hida Observatory, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kurabashira, Kamitakara-cho, Takayama, Gifu 506-1314) AF(Kwasan Observatory, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 17 Ohmine-cho Kita Kazan, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8471; Hida Observatory, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kurabashira, Kamitakara-cho, Takayama, Gifu 506-1314) AG(Kwasan Observatory, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 17 Ohmine-cho Kita Kazan, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8471; Hida Observatory, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kurabashira, Kamitakara-cho, Takayama, Gifu 506-1314) AH(Kwasan Observatory, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 17 Ohmine-cho Kita Kazan, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8471; Hida Observatory, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kurabashira, Kamitakara-cho, Takayama, Gifu 506-1314) AI(Midi-Pyré;né;es Observatory, 14, avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France ) AJ(National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588) AK(National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588) AL(National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588) AM(National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588) AN(Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510) AO(Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, 3251 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A.) AP(Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, 3251 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A.) AQ(Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, 3251 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A.) AR(High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-3000, U.S.A.) Publication: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol.59, No.SP3, pp.S585--S591 Publication Date: 11/2007 Origin: PASJ Keywords: Sun: magnetoconvection, Sun: sunspot, Sun: umbral dots Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: Astronomical Society of Japan Bibliographic Code: 2007PASJ...59S.585K Abstract A high resolution imaging observation of a sunspot umbra was made with the Hinode Solar Optical Telescope. Filtergrams at wavelengths of the blue and green continua were taken during three consecutive days. The umbra consisted of a dark core region, several diffuse components, and numerous umbral dots. We derived basic properties of umbral dots (UDs), especially their temperatures, lifetimes, proper motions, spatial distribution, and morphological evolution. The brightness of UDs is confirmed to depend on the brightness of their surrounding background. Several UDs show fission and fusion. Thanks to the stable condition of the space observation, we could for the first time follow the temporal behavior of these events. The derived properties of the internal structure of the umbra are discussed from the viewpoint of magnetoconvection in a strong magnetic field. Title: Status of the Metrology Light Source Authors: Ulm, G.; Brandt, G.; Fliegauf, R.; Hoehl, A.; Klein, R.; Müller, R.; Birke, T.; Borninkhof, J.; Budz, P.; Bürkmann-Gehrlein, K.; Daum, R.; Dressler, O.; Dürr, V.; Feikes, J.; Glass, H.; Hoberg, H. G.; Kolbe, J.; Lange, R.; Müller, I.; Rahn, J.; Schindhelm, G.; Schneegans, T.; Schr{\"{o}}ter, T.; Schüler, D.; Wüstefeld, G. Affiliation: AA(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AB(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AC(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AD(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AE(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AF(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AG(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AH(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AI(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AJ(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AK(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AL(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AM(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AN(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AO(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AP(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AQ(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AR(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AS(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AT(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AU(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AV(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AW(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AX(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AY(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany) Publication: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, Volume 582, Issue 1, p. 26-30. Publication Date: 11/2007 Origin: ELSEVIER Keywords: 01.52.+r, 06.20.-f, 06.20.fb, 07.85.Qe Abstract Copyright: Elsevier B.V. DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.089 Bibliographic Code: 2007NIMPA.582...26U Abstract The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) has set up the low-energy electron storage ring Metrology Light Source (MLS) in close cooperation with BESSY. This new storage ring is mainly dedicated to synchrotron-radiation-based metrology and technological developments in the IR, UV, VUV and EUV spectral range. Operated in a special low-alpha mode for the generation of short electron bunches, the MLS will deliver coherent radiation in the far-IR/THz spectral range with enhanced intensity as compared to the normal mode of operation. The MLS can be operated as a primary source standard with parameters optimized for the respective calibration tasks. The electron energy can be tuned to any value from 200 up to 600 MeV and the electron beam can be adjusted in the range from one stored electron (1 pA) up to 200 mA. The 100 MeV injection microtron has been commissioned successfully, the installation of the storage ring was completed and its commissioning started in April 2007. Two beamlines for the use of IR radiation, a white light bending magnet beamline and a diagnostics front-end are under commissioning. Title: Climate politics: What every president should know Authors: Muller, Richard A. Publication: Nature, Volume 450, Issue 7168, pp. 345 (2007). Publication Date: 11/2007 Origin: NATURE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: Nature DOI: 10.1038/450345a Bibliographic Code: 2007Natur.450..345M Abstract If you want to lead the free world, you'd better know your physics. That's the lesson from a popular undergraduate class, called 'Physics for future presidents', taught by Richard A. Muller at the University of California, Berkeley. Here he sets some typical questions. An interactive version of this quiz with extended answers is online at http://www.nature.com/news/specials/climatepolitics/index.html Title: Material forces for inelastic models at large strains: application to fracture mechanics Authors: Näser, Bastian; Kaliske, Michael; Müller, Ralf Affiliation: AA(Institute of Structural Mechanics, Universtity of Leipzig), AB(Institute for Structural Analysis, Technische Universität Dresden), AC(Institute of Mechanics, TU Darmstadt) Publication: Computational Mechanics, Volume 40, Issue 6, pp.1005-1013 Publication Date: 11/2007 Origin: SPRINGER Keywords: Material forces, Inelastic materials, Fracture mechanics Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: Springer Verlag DOI: 10.1007/s00466-007-0159-9 Bibliographic Code: 2007CompM..40.1005N Abstract Elastomeric materials show a wide range of different elastic and inelastic properties. Additionally, this class of materials is subjected to large deformations. Considering all these effects, fracture mechanical investigations are very challenging tasks and cannot be performed with standard approaches. Effects of inhomogeneities and discontinuities such as cracks can be investigated with the so-called material force approach in an efficient and elegant way. For comprehensive investigations of inelastic materials, the complete balance of the material motion problem has to be formulated. In this case, the material volume forces depend on the internal history variables which are required for the inelastic constitutive model. This paper derives a general formulation for rate-dependent and rate-independent inelastic materials based on a multiplicative split of the deformation gradient to cover viscoelastic and elastoplastic materials at finite deformations. Title: Variations of the granulation related to the solar cycle and with respect to its position on the solar disk Authors: Muller, R.; Hanslmeier, A.; Saldaña-Muñoz, M. Affiliation: AA(Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de l'Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Observatoire du Pic du Midi, 57 avenue d'Azereix, BP 826, 65008 Tarbes Cedex, France Karl-Franzen Universität Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, AC(Institut für Physik, Karl-Franzen Universität Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria) Publication: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 475, Issue 2, November IV 2007, pp.717-722 Publication Date: 11/2007 Origin: EDP Keywords: Sun: activity, Sun: granulation, Sun: magnetic fields DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20078387 Bibliographic Code: 2007A&A...475..717M Abstract Aims.We investigate variations in the scale and contrast of the solar granulation related to the solar cycle during the period 1978-1993. Furthermore, as a by-product, we have detected a variation with respect to the solar longitude, along the solar equator. Methods: All images were taken on film with the 50 cm refractor of the Pic du Midi Observatory, under excellent seeing conditions. Scale and contrast were derived from power spectra computed with digitized images. This simple and robust statistical method allowed us to get reliable results, independent of any image-processing parameter. Results: The contrast of the solar granulation varies nearly in phase with the solar cycle, being smaller at the periods of solar maximum. But we detected no corresponding variation in the scale; if there is one, it must be of low amplitude and masked by a spatial variation in the scale with respect to the position on the solar equator, which amounts to 3% rms. The contrast also varies with the position on the equator, in phase with the scale: where the scale is larger, the contrast is higher too. The amplitude of this spatial variation in the granulation scale is 9%; large photometric uncertainties did not allow us to quantify the amplitude of the contrast variation. Title: Major Australian-Antarctic Plate Reorganization at Hawaiian-Emperor Bend Time Authors: Whittaker, J. M.; Müller, R. D.; Leitchenkov, G.; Stagg, H.; Sdrolias, M.; Gaina, C.; Goncharov, A. Affiliation: AA(EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.), AB(EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.), AC(VNII Okeangeologia (Antarctic Branch), St. Petersburg 190121, Russia.), AD(Geoscience Australia, Canberra 2601, Australia.), AE(EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.), AF(Center for Geodynamics, Norwegian Geological Survey, Trondheim 7491, Norway.), AG(Geoscience Australia, Canberra 2601, Australia.) Publication: Science, Volume 318, Issue 5847, pp. 83- (2007). Publication Date: 10/2007 Category: GEOCHEM PHYS Origin: SCIENCE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1143769 Bibliographic Code: 2007Sci...318...83W Abstract A marked bend in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain supposedly resulted from a recent major reorganization of the plate-mantle system there 50 million years ago. Although alternative mantle-driven and plate-shifting hypotheses have been proposed, no contemporaneous circum-Pacific plate events have been identified. We report reconstructions for Australia and Antarctica that reveal a major plate reorganization between 50 and 53 million years ago. Revised Pacific Ocean sea-floor reconstructions suggest that subduction of the Pacific-Izanagi spreading ridge and subsequent Marianas/Tonga-Kermadec subduction initiation may have been the ultimate causes of these events. Thus, these plate reconstructions solve long-standing continental fit problems and improve constraints on the motion between East and West Antarctica and global plate circuit closure. Title: Earth science: An Indian cheetah Authors: Müller, R. Dietmar Affiliation: AA(R. Dietmar Müller is in the School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Publication: Nature, Volume 449, Issue 7164, pp. 795-796 (2007). Publication Date: 10/2007 Origin: NATURE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: Nature DOI: 10.1038/449795a Bibliographic Code: 2007Natur.449..795M Abstract After the supercontinent of Gondwanaland broke up, the part that became India diverged especially swiftly from the other fragments. The explanation for this might lie in the loss of India's deep roots. Title: A Medium Power Electrostatically Focused Multiple-Beam Klystron Authors: Vancil, Bernard; M{\"{u}}ller, Robert; Hawken, Kenneth W.; Wintucky, Edwin G.; Kory, Carol L.; Lockwood, Larry Publication: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. 54, issue 10, pp. 2582-2588 Publication Date: 10/2007 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1109/TED.2007.904586 Bibliographic Code: 2007ITED...54.2582V Abstract Not Available Title: Heterogeneously sensed imagery radiometric response normalization for citrus grove change detection Authors: Yang, Zhengwei; M{\"{u}}ller, Rick Affiliation: AA(USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (USA)), AB(USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (USA)) Publication: Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods II. Edited by Chen, Yud-Ren; Meyer, George E.; Tu, Shu-I.. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 6761, pp. 67610N (2007). Publication Date: 09/2007 Origin: SPIE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. DOI: 10.1117/12.735345 Bibliographic Code: 2007SPIE.6761E..15Y Abstract Citrus grove change detection is of great importance to citrus production inventory monitoring. Using remotely sensed imagery to detect the land use and land coverage is one of the most widely-used, cost-effective approaches. However, there is little published research on citrus grove change detection using remotely sensed multi-spectral imagery, especially for those acquired by heterogeneous sensors. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of the citrus change detection based on the histogram matching normalization to the heterogeneously sensed imagery. In this paper, it is found that different reference image and band selection will result in different normalization performance. Based on this finding, a concept of finding optimal reference image and best spectral band for normalization in terms of the minimum Manhattan distance measure is presented. In this paper, the comparison of change detection results of unnormalized and histogram matching normalized images is presented. The experimental results show that histogram matching normalization significantly improves the image differencing based change detection results of the heterogeneously sensed citrus images, and the optimal reference image and band found with proposed optimization algorithm gives the best change detection results. Title: Thickness-dependent optical properties of metals and alloys applicable to TPF coronagraph image masks Authors: Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; Wilson, Daniel W.; Muller, Richard E.; Kern, Brian D.; Sidick, Erkin Affiliation: AA(Jet Propulsion Lab. (USA)), AB(Jet Propulsion Lab. (USA)), AC(Jet Propulsion Lab. (USA)), AD(Jet Propulsion Lab. (USA)), AE(Jet Propulsion Lab. (USA)) Publication: Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets III. Edited by Coulter, Daniel R. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 6693, pp. 66930Z-66930Z-11 (2007). Publication Date: 09/2007 Origin: SPIE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. DOI: 10.1117/12.732721 Bibliographic Code: 2007SPIE.6693E..29B Abstract Some common metals and alloys have been identified as potential candidates with optical properties applicable to image plane masks for terrestrial planet finder (TPF) coronagraph especially for broad band performance in the visible spectrum. Thin films of these materials exhibit thickness dependence of refractive index and extinction coefficient which vary with wavelength and consequently the intensity and phase of transmitted light. We report on the fabrication and measurement of thickness-dependent optical properties of thin films of Ni, Pt and Inconel alloys to enable optimum design of image plane masks for Lyot coronagraphs to operate in the 500 to 800 nm band. We discuss the potential and limitations of practical masks with such materials. Title: Characterization of surface relief gratings of submicron period Authors: Logofatu, P. C.; Apostol, D.; Castex, Marie-Claude; Apostol, Ileana; Damian, V.; Iordache, Iuliana; Müller, Raluca Affiliation: AA(National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics (Romania)), AB(National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics (Romania)), AC(Lab. de Physique des Lasers, Univ. Paris-Nord (France)), AD(National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics (Romania)), AE(National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics (Romania)), AF(National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics (Romania)), AG(National Institute in Microtechnologies (Romania)) Publication: ROMOPTO 2006: Eighth Conference on Optics. Edited by Vlad, Valentin I.. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 6785, pp. 67851V (2007). Publication Date: 08/2007 Origin: SPIE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. DOI: 10.1117/12.756800 Bibliographic Code: 2007SPIE.6785E..67L Abstract This paper deals with optical characterization of photo-polymer gratings for parameter control. The gratings were obtained using the photoinduced single step inscription of refractive optical elements technique. The optical characterization was done by measuring the specular and diffracted orders of a laser beam incident on the grating. This technique is specifically known as scatterometry. The laser was a He-Ne with 633 nm wavelength. The measured diffraction efficiencies contain information about the parameters to be determined of the grating, such as pitch, linewidth and shape of the ridges. Title: Complex critical magnetic behaviour in three dimensions Authors: Köbler, U.; Hoser, A.; M{\"{u}}ller, R. M.; Fischer, K. Affiliation: AA(Institut für Festkörperforschung, FZ-Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany), AB(Institut für Festkörperforschung, FZ-Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany; Institut für Kristallographie, RWTH-Aachen, D-52066 Aachen, Germany), AC(Institut für Festkörperforschung, FZ-Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany), AD(Institut für Festkörperforschung, FZ-Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany) Publication: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Volume 315, Issue 1, p. 12-25. Publication Date: 08/2007 Origin: ELSEVIER Keywords: 75.30.Et, 75.40.Cx Abstract Copyright: Elsevier B.V. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.02.056 Bibliographic Code: 2007JMMM..315...12K Abstract Experimental results on the critical magnetic behaviour of magnets with a three-dimensional (3D) spin and isotropic 3D interactions are presented. It is observed that the critical behaviour can be rather complicated. This is because two magnetic order parameters can occur even in magnets with only one magnetic lattice site. The two order parameters must be attributed to an ordered longitudinal and transverse spin component meaning that the spin precession is elliptic rather than circular. Usually, one of the two order parameters is discontinuous at Tc. Characteristic for this type of first-order phase transition is that the continuous part in the rise of the order parameter follows critical power law with exponent beta and that the paramagnetic susceptibility diverges. The exponent gamma belongs not necessarily to the same universality class as beta meaning that the scaling hypothesis can be violated. It appears necessary to distinguish between magnets with integer and half-integer spin. For magnets with integer spin, the critical exponent beta is close to the Heisenberg value but for magnets with half-integer spin beta is close to the Landau (mean field) value. The different critical behaviour seems to be associated with the opening of a magnetic excitation gap at Tc for integer spin values while for half-integer spins the magnetic excitation spectrum is essentially continuous. The magnon gap of the magnets with integer spin is identified as a second-order parameter. The origin of the gap is a mystery. Discontinuous phase transitions and the appearance of a second-order parameter can be considered as signatures of higher order interactions such as four-spin interactions. Higher order interactions seem to be especially important in three dimensions. Title: Material forces for inelastic models at large strains: application to fracture mechanics Authors: Näser, Bastian; Kaliske, Michael; Müller, Ralf Affiliation: AA(Institute of Structural Mechanics, Universtity of Leipzig), AB(Institute for Structural Analysis, Technische Universität Dresden), AC(Institute of Mechanics, TU Darmstadt) Publication: Computational Mechanics, Volume 40, Issue 6, pp.1005-1013 Publication Date: 08/2007 Origin: SPRINGER Keywords: Material forces, Inelastic materials, Fracture mechanics Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: Springer-Verlag DOI: 10.1007/s00348-007-0370-7 Bibliographic Code: 2007ExFl...43..151N Abstract Not Available Title: A graphical user interface for particle-in-cell finite element analysis of lithospheric deformation and mantle convection in two dimensions Authors: Dyksterhuis, S.; Müller, R. D.; Rey, P.; Moresi, L. Affiliation: AA(School of Geosciences and The Earthbyte Research Group, Baxter Building H11, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia), AB(School of Geosciences and The Earthbyte Research Group, Baxter Building H11, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia), AC(School of Geosciences and The Earthbyte Research Group, Baxter Building H11, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia), AD(Rm 301, Building 28, Monash University Clayton Campus, Vic. 3800, Australia) Publication: Computers and Geosciences, Volume 33, Issue 8, p. 1088-1093. Publication Date: 08/2007 Origin: ELSEVIER Abstract Copyright: Elsevier Ltd DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2006.11.004 Bibliographic Code: 2007CG.....33.1088D Abstract Not Available Title: The impact of mixing across the polar vortex edge on Match ozone loss estimates Authors: Grooß, J.-U.; Müller, R.; Konopka, P.; Steinhorst, H.-M.; Engel, A.; Möbius, T.; Volk, C. M. Affiliation: AA(Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre, ICG-1: Stratosphäre, Germany Jülich, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre, ICG-1: Stratosphäre, Germany), AC(Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre, ICG-1: Stratosphäre, Germany), AD(Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre, ICG-1: Stratosphäre, Germany), AE(Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt, Germany), AF(Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt, Germany), AG(Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt, Germany) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Volume 7, Issue 4, 2007, pp.11725-11759 Publication Date: 08/2007 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2007ACPD....711725G Abstract The Match method for quantification of polar chemical ozone loss is investigated mainly with respect to the impact of mixing across the vortex edge onto this estimate. We show for the winter 2002/03 that significant mixing across the vortex edge occurred and was accurately modeled by the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere. Observations of inert tracers and ozone in-situ from HAGAR on the Geophysica aircraft and sondes and also remote from MIPAS on ENVISAT were reproduced well. The model even reproduced a small vortex remnant that was isolated until June 2003 and was observed in-situ by a balloon-borne whole air sampler. We use this CLaMS simulation to quantify the impact of cross vortex edge mixing on the results of the Match method. It is shown that a time integration of the determined vortex average ozone loss rates as performed in Match results in larger ozone loss than the polar vortex average ozone loss in CLaMS. Also, the determination of the Match ozone loss rates can be influenced by mixing. This is especially important below 430 K, where ozone outside the vortex is lower than inside and the vortex boundary is not a strong transport barrier. This effect and further sampling effects cause an offset between vortex average ozone loss rates derived from Match and deduced from CLaMS with an even sampling for the entire vortex. Both, the time-integration of ozone loss and the determination of ozone loss rates for Match are evaluated using the winter 2002/03 CLaMS simulation. These impacts can explain the differences between CLaMS and Match column ozone loss. While the investigated effects somewhat reduce the apparent discrepancy in January ozone loss rates, a discrepancy between simulations and Match remains. However, its contribution to the accumulated ozone loss over the winter is not large. Title: Larmor labeling by time-gradient magnetic fields Authors: Ioffe, Alexander; Bodnarchuk, Victor; Bussmann, Klaus; Müller, Robert Affiliation: AA(Jülich Centre for Neutron Science---Outstation Garching, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany), AB(Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Festkörperforschung (IFF)---Scattering Methods, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AC(Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Festkörperforschung (IFF)---Scattering Methods, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AD(Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Festkörperforschung (IFF)---Scattering Methods, 52425 Jülich, Germany) Publication: Physica B: Physics of Condensed Matter, Volume 397, Issue 1-2, p. 108-111. Publication Date: 07/2007 Origin: ELSEVIER Keywords: 61.12.Ha, 68.35.Ct, 68.47.Mn Abstract Copyright: Elsevier B.V. DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2007.02.051 Bibliographic Code: 2007PhyB..397..108I Abstract The Larmor labeling of neutrons, due to the Larmor precession of neutron spin in a magnetic field, opens the unique possibility for the development of neutron spin-echo (NSE) based on neutron scattering techniques, featuring an extremely high energy (momentum) resolution. Here, we present the experimental proof of a new method of the Larmor labeling using time-gradient magnetic fields. Title: Long-range correlations of extrapolar total ozone are determined by the global atmospheric circulation Authors: Kiss, P.; Müller, R.; Jánosi, I. M. Affiliation: AA(Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary), AB(ICG-1, Research Centre Jülich, Germany), AC(Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös University, Budapest, Publication: Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, Volume 14, Issue 4, 2007, pp.435-442 Publication Date: 07/2007 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2007NPGeo..14..435K Abstract TOMS (Version 8) ozone records are analysed between latitudes 60° S and 60° N, in order to extract autocorrelation properties with high spatial resolution. After the removal of semi-annual, annual, and quasi-biennial background oscillations, the residuals are evaluated by detrended fluctuation analysis. Long-range correlations are detected everywhere. Surprisingly, the latitude dependence of zonally averaged correlation exponents exhibits the same behaviour as the exponents for daily surface temperature records. This suggests that the correlation properties of total ozone column are dominated by the global atmospheric circulation patterns, and the effect of chemical processes seems to be subsidiary. Title: Determination of Molecular Weight, Particle Size, and Density of High Number Generation PAMAM Dendrimers Using MALDI-TOF-MS and nES-GEMMA Authors: Müller, Roland; Laschober, Christian; Szymanski, Wladyslaw W.; Allmaier, Günter Publication: Macromolecules, vol. 40, issue 15, pp. 5599-5605 Publication Date: 07/2007 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1021/ma062599e Bibliographic Code: 2007MaMol..40.5599M Abstract Not Available Title: Breakup and early seafloor spreading between India and Antarctica Authors: Gaina, Carmen; Müller, R. Dietmar; Brown, Belinda; Ishihara, Takemi; Ivanov, Sergey Affiliation: AA(Center for Geodynamics, Geological Survey of Norway, Trondheim, Norway), AB(Earth Byte Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Australia), AC(Earth Byte Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Australia), AD(Institute of Geology and Geoinformation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST Central 7, Tsukuba, Japan), AE(Polar Marine Geophysical Research Expedition, St Petersburg) Publication: Geophysical Journal International, Volume 170, Issue 3, pp. 151-169. Publication Date: 07/2007 Origin: GJI MNRAS Keywords: Antarctica, Enderby Basin, plate tectonics, sea floor spreading, Kerguelen Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007 The Authors Journal compilation © 2007 RAS DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03450.x Bibliographic Code: 2007GeoJI.170..151G Abstract We present a tectonic interpretation of the breakup and early seafloor spreading between India and Antarctica based on improved coverage of potential field and seismic data off the east Antarctic margin between the Gunnerus Ridge and the Bruce Rise. We have identified a series of ENE trending Mesozoic magnetic anomalies from chron M9o (~130.2 Ma) to M2o (~124.1 Ma) in the Enderby Basin, and M9o to M4o (~126.7 Ma) in the Princess Elizabeth Trough and Davis Sea Basin, indicating that India-Antarctica and India-Australia breakups were roughly contemporaneous. We present evidence for an abandoned spreading centre south of the Elan Bank microcontinent; the estimated timing of its extinction corresponds to the early surface expression of the Kerguelen Plume at the Southern Kerguelen Plateau around 120 Ma. We observe an increase in spreading rate from west to east, between chron M9 and M4 (38-54 mm yr-1), along the Antarctic margin and suggest the tectono-magmatic segmentation of oceanic crust has been influenced by inherited crustal structure, the kinematics of Gondwanaland breakup and the proximity to the Kerguelen hotspot. A high-amplitude, E-W oriented magnetic lineation named the Mac Robertson Coast Anomaly (MCA), coinciding with a landwards step-down in basement observed in seismic reflection data, is tentatively interpreted as the boundary between continental/transitional zone and oceanic crust. The exposure of lower crustal rocks along the coast suggests that this margin formed in a metamorphic core complex extension mode with a high strength ratio between upper and lower crust, which typically occurs above anomalously hot mantle. Together with the existence of the MCA zone this observation suggests that a mantle temperature anomaly predated the early surface outpouring/steady state magmatic production of the Kerguelen LIP. An alternative model suggests that the northward ridge jump was limited to the Elan Bank region, whereas seafloor spreading continued in the West Enderby Basin and its Sri Lankan conjugate margin. In this case, the MCA magnetic anomaly could be interpreted as the southern arm of a ridge propagator that stopped around 120 Ma. Title: Chemical ozone loss in the Arctic winter 1991-1992 Authors: Tilmes, S.; Müller, R.; Salawitch, R. J.; Schmidt, U.; Webster, C. R.; Oelhaf, H.; Russell, J. M., III; Camy-Peyret, C. C. Affiliation: AA(National Center for Atmospheric Research, AB(Institute of Stratospheric Research (ICG-I), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany), AC(Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, California, USA), AD(J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany), AE(Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, California, USA), AF(IMK-ASF, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany), AG(Hampton University, Virginia 23668, USA), AH(Universite Pierre et Marie Curie and CNRS, Ivry-sur-Seine, France) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Volume 7, Issue 4, 2007, pp.10097-10129 Publication Date: 07/2007 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2007ACPD....710097T Abstract Chemical ozone loss in winter 1991-1992 is recalculated based on observations of the HALOE satellite instrument, ER-2 aircraft measurements and balloon data. HALOE satellite observations are shown to be reliable in the lower stratosphere below 400 K, at altitudes where profiles are most likely disturbed by the enhanced sulfate aerosols, as a result of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption in June 1991. Very large chemical ozone loss was observed below 400 K from Kiruna balloon observations between December and March 1992. Additionally, for the two winters after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption, HALOE satellite observations show a stronger extent of chemical ozone loss at lower altitudes compared to other Arctic winter between 1991 and 2003. In stipe of already occurring deactivation of chlorine in March 1992, Mipas-B and LPMA balloon observations indicate still chlorine activation at lower altitudes, consistent with observed chemical ozone loss occurring between February and March and April. Enhanced chemical ozone loss in the Arctic winter 1991-1992 as calculated in earlier studies is corroborated here. Title: Simple measures of ozone depletion in the polar stratosphere Authors: Müller, R.; Grooß, J.-U.; Lemmen, C.; Heinze, D.; Tilmes, Simone; Dameris, M.; Bodeker, G. Affiliation: AA(ICG-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 AB(ICG-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AC(ICG-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; now at: Copernicus Instituut voor Duurzame Ontwikkeling en Innovatie, Universiteit Utrecht, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands and Institut für Küstenforschung, GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany), AD(ICG-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AE(ICG-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AF(DLR, IPA, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany), AG(NIWA, Private Bag 50061, Omakau Central Otago, New Zealand) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Volume 7, Issue 4, 2007, pp.9829-9866 Publication Date: 07/2007 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2007ACPD....7.9829M Abstract We investigate the extent to which commonly considered quantities, based on total column ozone observations and simulations, are applicable as measures of ozone loss in the polar vortices. Such quantities have been used frequently in ozone assessments by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and to assess the performance of chemistry-climate models. The most commonly considered quantity is monthly mean column ozone poleward of a latitude of 63° in spring. For the Arctic, these monthly means were found to be insensitive to the exact choice of the latitude threshold, unlike the Antarctic where greater sensitivity was found. Choosing a threshold based on the location of the transport barrier at the vortex boundary instead of geometric latitude led to a roughly similar year-to-year variability of the monthly means, but in particular years deviations of several tens of Dobson units occurred. Moreover, the minimum of daily total ozone minima poleward of a particular latitude, another popular measure, is debatable, insofar as it relies on one single measurement or model grid point. For Arctic conditions, this minimum value occurred often in air outside polar vortex, both in the observations and in a chemistry-climate model. As a result, we recommend that the minimum of daily minima no longer be used when comparing polar ozone loss in observations and models. As a possible alternative, we suggest considering the minimum of daily average total ozone poleward of a particular equivalent latitude (or in the vortex) in spring. This definition both obviates relying on one single data point and reduces the impact of year-to-year variability in the Arctic vortex breakup on ozone loss measures. However, compact relations of such simple measures with meteorological quantities that describe the potential for polar heterogeneous chlorine activation and thus ozone loss were not found. Therefore, we argue that where possible, more sophisticated measures of chemical polar ozone loss that include additional information to disentangle the impact of transport and chemistry on ozone, should be employed. Title: Optical encoder measurement technology Authors: Iordache, Iuliana; Bojan, Mihaela; Apostol, D.; Damian, V.; Garoi, F.; Logofatu, P. C.; Muller, Raluca; Savu, B. Affiliation: AA(National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics (Romania)), AB(National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics (Romania)), AC(National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics (Romania)), AD(National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics (Romania)), AE(National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics (Romania)), AF(National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics (Romania)), AG(National Institute in Microtechnologies (Romania)), AH(Univ. Politehnica of Bucharest (Romania)) Publication: Advanced Topics in Optoelectronics, Microelectronics, and Nanotechnologies III. Edited by Iancu, Ovidiu; Manea, Adrian; Schiopu, Paul. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 6635, pp. 663506 (2007). Publication Date: 06/2007 Origin: SPIE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. DOI: 10.1117/12.741862 Bibliographic Code: 2007SPIE.6635E...6I Abstract A new approach to metrology for the range below 100 nm is based on large fiducial grids optical encoders produced by interference / lithography. Since the encoder can only be as accurate as the grating scale, advance in this area depends on the availability of encoder plates of nanometer accuracy. Various commercially available or home made holographic gratings were checked using interferometric methods and compared with the AFM device results. The budget of errors was analyzed and the necessary improvements of measuring technology are presented. Title: Vector Precoding for Wireless MIMO Systems: A Replica Analysis Authors: M{\"{u}}ller, Ralf R.; Guo, Dongning; Moustakas, Aris L. Publication: eprint arXiv:0706.1169 Publication Date: 06/2007 Origin: ARXIV Keywords: Computer Science - Information Theory, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures, submitted for publication to "IEEE JSAC Special Issue on Multiuser Detection for Advanced Communication Systems and Networks" Bibliographic Code: 2007arXiv0706.1169M Abstract We apply the replica method to analyze vector precoding, a method to reduce transmit power in antenna array communications. The analysis applies to a very general class of channel matrices. The statistics of the channel matrix enter the transmitted energy per symbol via its R-transform. We find that vector precoding performs much better for complex than for real alphabets. As a byproduct, we find a nonlinear precoding method with polynomial complexity that outperforms NP-hard Tomlinson-Harashima precoding for binary modulation on complex channels if the number of transmit antennas is slightly larger than twice the number of receive antennas. Title: Contribution of mixing to upward transport across the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) Authors: Konopka, P.; Günther, G.; Müller, R.; Dos Santos, F. H. S.; Schiller, C.; Ravegnani, F.; Ulanovsky, A.; Schlager, H.; Volk, C. M.; Viciani, S.; Pan, L. L.; McKenna, D.-S.; Riese, M. Affiliation: AA(Forschungszentrum Jülich (ICG-1: Stratosphäre), AB(Forschungszentrum Jülich (ICG-1: Stratosphäre), Germany), AC(Forschungszentrum Jülich (ICG-1: Stratosphäre), Germany), AD(Forschungszentrum Jülich (ICG-1: Stratosphäre), Germany), AE(Forschungszentrum Jülich (ICG-1: Stratosphäre), Germany), AF(CNR-ISAC, Bologna, Italy), AG(CAO, Dolgoprudny, Russia), AH(Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany), AI(Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik, Universität Frankfurt, Germany), AJ(INOA, Firenze, Italy), AK(National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA), AL(National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA), AM(Forschungszentrum Jülich (ICG-1: Stratosphäre), Germany) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 7, Issue 12, 2007, pp.3285-3308 Publication Date: 06/2007 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2007ACP.....7.3285K Abstract During the second part of the TROCCINOX campaign that took place in Brazil in early 2005, chemical species were measured on-board the high-altitude research aircraft Geophysica (ozone, water vapor, NO, NOy, CH4 and CO) in the altitude range up to 20 km (or up to 450 K potential temperature), i.e. spanning the entire TTL region roughly extending between 350 and 420 K.

Here, analysis of transport across the TTL is performed using a new version of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). In this new version, the stratospheric model has been extended to the earth surface. Above the tropopause, the isentropic and cross-isentropic advection in CLaMS is driven by meteorological analysis winds and heating/cooling rates derived from a radiation calculation. Below the tropopause, the model smoothly transforms from the isentropic to the hybrid-pressure coordinate and, in this way, takes into account the effect of large-scale convective transport as implemented in the vertical wind of the meteorological analysis. As in previous CLaMS simulations, the irreversible transport, i.e. mixing, is controlled by the local horizontal strain and vertical shear rates.

Stratospheric and tropospheric signatures in the TTL can be seen both in the observations and in the model. The composition of air above ≈350 K is mainly controlled by mixing on a time scale of weeks or even months. Based on CLaMS transport studies where mixing can be completely switched off, we deduce that vertical mixing, mainly driven by the vertical shear in the tropical flanks of the subtropical jets and, to some extent, in the the outflow regions of the large-scale convection, offers an explanation for the upward transport of trace species from the main convective outflow at around 350 K up to the tropical tropopause around 380 K. Title: Understanding the kinetics of the ClO dimer cycle Authors: von Hobe, M.; Salawitch, R. J.; Canty, T.; Keller-Rudek, H.; Moortgat, G. K.; Grooß, J.-U.; Müller, R.; Stroh, F. Affiliation: AA(Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere (ICG-1), Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA), AC(Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA), AD(Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Mainz, Germany), AE(Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Mainz, Germany), AF(Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere (ICG-1), Jülich, Germany), AG(Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere (ICG-1), Jülich, Germany), AH(Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere (ICG-1), Jülich, Germany) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 7, Issue 12, 2007, pp.3055-3069 Publication Date: 06/2007 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2007ACP.....7.3055V Abstract Among the major factors controlling ozone loss in the polar vortices in winter/spring is the kinetics of the ClO dimer catalytic cycle. Here, we propose a strategy to test and improve our understanding of these kinetics by comparing and combining information on the thermal equilibrium between ClO and Cl2O2, the rate of Cl2O2 formation, and the Cl2O2 photolysis rate from laboratory experiments, theoretical studies and field observations. Concordant with a number of earlier studies, we find considerable inconsistencies of some recent laboratory results with rate theory calculations and stratospheric observations of ClO and Cl2O2. The set of parameters for which we find the best overall consistency - namely the ClO/Cl2O2 equilibrium constant suggested by Plenge et al. (2005), the Cl2O2 recombination rate constant reported by Nickolaisen et al. (1994) and Cl2O2 photolysis rates based on absorption cross sections in the range between the JPL 2006 assessment and the laboratory study by Burkholder et al. (1990) - is not congruent with the latest recommendations given by the JPL and IUPAC panels and does not represent the laboratory studies currently regarded as the most reliable experimental values. We show that the incorporation of new Pope et al. (2007) Cl2O2 absorption cross sections into several models, combined with best estimates for other key parameters (based on either JPL and IUPAC evaluations or on our study), results in severe model underestimates of observed ClO and observed ozone loss rates. This finding suggests either the existence of an unknown process that drives the partitioning of ClO and Cl2O2, or else some unidentified problem with either the laboratory study or numerous measurements of atmospheric ClO. Our mechanistic understanding of the ClO/Cl2O2 system is grossly lacking, with severe implications for our ability to simulate both present and future polar ozone depletion. Title: The Metrology Light Source The new dedicated electron storage ring of PTB Authors: Brandt, G.; Eden, J.; Fliegauf, R.; Gottwald, A.; Hoehl, A.; Klein, R.; Müller, R.; Richter, M.; Scholze, F.; Thornagel, R.; Ulm, G.; Bürkmann, K.; Rahn, J.; Wüstefeld, G. Affiliation: AA(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AB(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AC(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AD(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AE(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AF(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AG(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AH(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AI(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AJ(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AK(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AL(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AM(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AN(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany) Publication: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, Volume 258, Issue 2, p. 445-452. Publication Date: 05/2007 Origin: ELSEVIER Keywords: 07.57.Hm, 06.20.-f, 06.20.Fb, 07.85.Qe, 42.72.Ai Abstract Copyright: Elsevier B.V. DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.02.076 Bibliographic Code: 2007NIMPB.258..445B Abstract The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) is currently constructing a low-energy electron storage ring in the close vicinity of BESSY II where PTB operates a laboratory for synchrotron-radiation-based metrology, mainly in the X-ray spectral region. The new storage ring, which is called `Metrology Light Source' (MLS), will mainly be dedicated to radiometry and technological development in the UV, VUV and EUV spectral range and will thus fill the gap in the spectral range that has opened up since the shut-down of BESSY I. Moreover, the MLS will deliver intense radiation in the IR and FIR/THz spectral range. The MLS can be operated with parameters optimized for special calibration tasks, which, at a multi-user facility such as BESSY II, is rarely possible. The electron energy can be tuned in the range from 200 MeV up to 600 MeV and the electron beam current can be adjusted from 1 pA (single electron) up to 200 mA. All relevant storage ring parameters can be measured with high accuracy, thus making the MLS a source of calculable synchrotron radiation, i.e. a primary source standard. The MLS is designed in close co-operation with the BESSY GmbH, construction has started in the autumn of 2004 and user operation is scheduled to begin in 2008. Title: Information and multiaccess interference in a complexity-constrained vector channel Authors: de Miguel, Rodrigo; Shental, Ori; Müller, Ralf R.; Kanter, Ido Affiliation: AA(Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway ), AB(Department of Electrical Engineering-Systems, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; ), AC(Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway ), AD(Minerva Center and Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel) Publication: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, Volume 40, Issue 20, pp. 5241-5260 (2007). Publication Date: 05/2007 Origin: IOP DOI: 10.1088/1751-8113/40/20/002 Bibliographic Code: 2007JPhA...40.5241D Abstract A noisy vector channel operating under a strict complexity constraint at the receiver is introduced. According to this constraint, detected bits, obtained by performing hard decisions directly on the channel's matched filter output, must be the same as the transmitted binary inputs. An asymptotic analysis is carried out using mathematical tools imported from the study of neural networks, and it is shown that, under a bounded noise assumption, such complexity-constrained channel exhibits a non-trivial Shannon-theoretic capacity. It is found that performance relies on rigorous interference-based multiuser cooperation at the transmitter and that this cooperation is best served when all transmitters use the same amplitude. Title: Domain wall pinning by point defects in ferroelectric materials Authors: Schrade, D.; M{\"{u}}ller, R.; Xu, B. X.; Gross, D. Affiliation: AA(Technische Univ. Darmstadt (Germany)), AB(Technische Univ. Darmstadt (Germany)), AC(Technische Univ. Darmstadt (Germany)), AD(Technische Univ. Darmstadt (Germany)) Publication: Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional and Composite Materials 2007. Edited by Dapino, Marcelo J.. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 6526, pp. 65260B (2007). Publication Date: 04/2007 Origin: SPIE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. DOI: 10.1117/12.715611 Bibliographic Code: 2007SPIE.6526E...7S Abstract A continuum model for ferroelectric materials is presented where the spontaneous polarization is treated as an order parameter. The classic electric enthalpy consisting of elastic, dielectric and ferroelectric terms is extended by a phase separating potential and an interface energy which yields a phase field potential. The coupled material equations and the Ginzburg-Landau type evolution equation are derived from that phase field potential. The evolution equation as well as the mechanical and electro-static balance laws are solved using the Finite Element Method. The model is extended to allow for the simulation of point defects. Numerical examples are given for the defect-free case, and the influence of point defects is investigated. Title: Metallic cobalt nanoparticles for heating applications Authors: Zeisberger, Matthias; Dutz, Silvio; Müller, Robert; Hergt, Rudolf; Matoussevitch, Nina; Bönnemann, Helmut Affiliation: AA(Institut für Physikalische Hochtechnologie, A.-Einstein-Str. 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany), AB(Institut für Physikalische Hochtechnologie, A.-Einstein-Str. 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany), AC(Institut für Physikalische Hochtechnologie, A.-Einstein-Str. 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany), AD(Institut für Physikalische Hochtechnologie, A.-Einstein-Str. 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany), AE(Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ITC-CPV, Post Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany), AF(Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ITC-CPV, Post Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany) Publication: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Volume 311, Issue 1, p. 224-227. Publication Date: 04/2007 Origin: ELSEVIER Abstract Copyright: Elsevier B.V. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.21.178 Bibliographic Code: 2007JMMM..311..224Z Abstract We investigated the properties of metallic cobalt particles which were prepared by metal organic synthesis. By X-ray diffraction we identified the FCC Co phase and obtained a particle size of 6 nm. VSM measurements revealed a specific magnetization of 77.5 Am2/kg which is 46% of the bulk value. From the analysis of the magnetization curve the parameters of the particle size distribution were estimated. In order to assess the suitability of the material for heating applications AC susceptometry as well as calorimetrical measurements of the specific loss power at 400 kHz and 13 25 kA/m were performed. We obtained values from 500 to 1300 W/g. Title: Influence of dextran coating on the magnetic behaviour of iron oxide nanoparticles Authors: Dutz, Silvio; Andrä, Wilfried; Hergt, Rudolf; Müller, Robert; Oestreich, Christiane; Schmidt, Christopher; Töpfer, Jorg; Zeisberger, Matthias; Bellemann, Matthias E. Affiliation: AA(Institute for Physical High Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany), AB(Institute for Physical High Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany), AC(Institute for Physical High Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany), AD(Institute for Physical High Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany), AE(Institute of Ceramic Materials, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Germany), AF(Institute for Physical High Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Department of Materials Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany), AG(Department of Materials Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany), AH(Institute for Physical High Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany), AI(Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany) Publication: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Volume 311, Issue 1, p. 51-54. Publication Date: 04/2007 Origin: ELSEVIER Abstract Copyright: Elsevier B.V. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.21.168 Bibliographic Code: 2007JMMM..311...51D Abstract Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with mean diameters in the range from 10 to 30 nm were prepared by modified chemical precipitation routes. The particles were suspended in an aqueous solution by coating of the particles with carboxymethyldextran. A stability against agglomeration was achieved over a period of more than 7 days. In the present investigation, the structural and the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles were investigated. The influence of the dextran shell on the strength of the dipole dipole interactions between the neighbouring particles was determined by investigation of the remanence behaviour (Henkel plot) of coated as well as of uncoated particles. Title: Observation Report 2005: Humacao University Observatory Authors: Muller, Rafael J.; Cersosimo, J. C.; Miranda, Valmin; Mart{\'{\i}}nez, Chaim; Cotto, Desiree; Rosado-de Jes{\'{u}}s, Iliana; Centeno, Diana; Rivera, Leonardo Publication: Journal of Double Star Observations, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 77-81. Publication Date: 04/2007 Origin: JDSO Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: University of South Alabama Bibliographic Code: 2007JDSO....3...77M Abstract We report on measurements of position angle and separation of binary stars using a 512 X 512 CCD camera coupled to a 31 inch telescope. The images where captured in the fall of 2005 at the NURO telescope. They where analyzed at the Humacao University Observatory as part of the ongoing research project on binary stars. Title: Universal influence of disorder on MgB2 wires Authors: Eisterer, M.; Müller, R.; Schöppl, R.; Weber, H. W.; Soltanian, S.; Dou, S. X. Affiliation: AA(Atominstitut der Österreichischen Universitäten, 1020 Vienna, Austria ), AB(Atominstitut der Österreichischen Universitäten, 1020 Vienna, Austria ), AC(Atominstitut der Österreichischen Universitäten, 1020 Vienna, Austria ), AD(Atominstitut der Österreichischen Universitäten, 1020 Vienna, Austria ), AE(Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia ), AF(Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia ) Publication: Superconductor Science and Technology, Volume 20, Issue 3, pp. 117-122 (2007). Publication Date: 03/2007 Origin: IOP DOI: 10.1088/0953-2048/20/3/001 Bibliographic Code: 2007SuScT..20..117E Abstract The influence of disorder on the superconducting properties of MgB2 wires was investigated. Disorder was introduced in three different ways: by the addition of SiC, by neutron irradiation or by a low processing temperature. We find a nearly identical influence of these three methods on the normal state resistivity, on the upper critical field and on the critical currents in all three cases. The residual resistivity turns out to be a useful parameter for disorder, if normalized appropriately. We extract the mean free path of the charge carriers in the sigma band from the Gor'kov Goodman relation. The wires investigated in this study fall in the range from the moderately clean to the dirty limit. The most important change in view of possible applications is the increase of the upper critical field, leading to higher critical currents in high magnetic fields. Title: Computer-based analysis of microvascular alterations in a mouse model for Alzheimer's disease Authors: Heinzer, Stefan; Müller, Ralph; Stampanoni, Marco; Abela, Rafael; Meyer, Eric P.; Ulmann-Schuler, Alexandra; Krucker, Thomas Affiliation: AA(Univ. and ETH Zürich (Switzerland)), AB(Univ. and ETH Zürich (Switzerland)), AC(Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut (Switzerland)), AD(Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut (Switzerland)), AE(Univ. of Zürich (Switzerland)), AF(Univ. of Zürich (Switzerland)), AG(Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (USA)) Publication: Medical Imaging 2007: Physiology, Function, and Structure from Medical Images. Edited by Manduca, Armando; Hu, Xiaoping P.. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 6511, pp. 651104 (2007). Publication Date: 03/2007 Origin: SPIE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. DOI: 10.1117/12.708869 Bibliographic Code: 2007SPIE.6511E...3H Abstract Vascular factors associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have recently gained increased attention. To investigate changes in vascular, particularly microvascular architecture, we developed a hierarchical imaging framework to obtain large-volume, high-resolution 3D images from brains of transgenic mice modeling AD. In this paper, we present imaging and data analysis methods which allow compiling unique characteristics from several hundred gigabytes of image data. Image acquisition is based on desktop micro-computed tomography (µCT) and local synchrotron-radiation µCT (SRµCT) scanning with a nominal voxel size of 16 µm and 1.4 µm, respectively. Two visualization approaches were implemented: stacks of Z-buffer projections for fast data browsing, and progressive-mesh based surface rendering for detailed 3D visualization of the large datasets. In a first step, image data was assessed visually via a Java client connected to a central database. Identified characteristics of interest were subsequently quantified using global morphometry software. To obtain even deeper insight into microvascular alterations, tree analysis software was developed providing local morphometric parameters such as number of vessel segments or vessel tortuosity. In the context of ever increasing image resolution and large datasets, computer-aided analysis has proven both powerful and indispensable. The hierarchical approach maintains the context of local phenomena, while proper visualization and morphometry provide the basis for detailed analysis of the pathology related to structure. Beyond analysis of microvascular changes in AD this framework will have significant impact considering that vascular changes are involved in other neurodegenerative diseases as well as in cancer, cardiovascular disease, asthma, and arthritis. Title: Hysteresis losses in iron oxide nanoparticles prepared by glass crystallization or wet chemical precipitation Authors: Müller, Robert; Dutz, Silvio; Hergt, Rudolf; Schmidt, Christopher; Steinmetz, Hanna; Zeisberger, Matthias; Gawalek, Wolfgang Affiliation: AA(Institute for Physical High Technology, Albert-Einstein-Street 9, 07745 Jena, Germany), AB(Institute for Physical High Technology, Albert-Einstein-Street 9, 07745 Jena, Germany), AC(Institute for Physical High Technology, Albert-Einstein-Street 9, 07745 Jena, Germany), AD(Institute for Physical High Technology, Albert-Einstein-Street 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Department Materials Engineering, University of Applied Science, 07745 Jena, Germany), AE(Institute for Physical High Technology, Albert-Einstein-Street 9, 07745 Jena, Germany), AF(Institute for Physical High Technology, Albert-Einstein-Street 9, 07745 Jena, Germany), AG(Institute for Physical High Technology, Albert-Einstein-Street 9, 07745 Jena, Germany) Publication: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Volume 310, Issue 2, p. 2399-2401. Publication Date: 03/2007 Origin: ELSEVIER Keywords: 75.50Mm, 75.50Tt, 75.60 Abstract Copyright: Elsevier B.V. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.10.772 Bibliographic Code: 2007JMMM..310.2399M Abstract Ferrofluids were prepared from glass crystallized as well as wet precipitated iron oxide particles. Comparing hysteresis losses versus applied field amplitude from particles in immobilized state (powder) and in fluid state (ferrofluid) shows in some cases anomalous large losses at low magnetic fields. The influence of texture on the losses was investigated. Title: Ozone loss driven by nitrogen oxides and triggered by stratospheric warmings can outweigh the effect of halogens Authors: Konopka, Paul; Engel, Andreas; Funke, Bernd; Müller, Rolf; Grooß, Jens-Uwe; Günther, Gebhard; Wetter, Thomas; Stiller, Gabriele; von Clarmann, Thomas; Glatthor, Norbert; Oelhaf, Hermann; Wetzel, Gerald; López-Puertas, Manuel; Pirre, Michel; Huret, Nathalie; Riese, Martin Affiliation: AA(ICG-I: Stratosphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AB(Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany); AC(Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas, Granada, Spain); AD(ICG-I: Stratosphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AE(ICG-I: Stratosphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AF(ICG-I: Stratosphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AG(Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany); AH(Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany); AI(Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany); AJ(Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany); AK(Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany); AL(Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany); AM(Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas, Granada, Spain); AN(Laboratoire de Physique et Chemie de l'Environnement, Orleans, France); AO(Laboratoire de Physique et Chemie de l'Environnement, Orleans, France); AP(ICG-I: Stratosphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany) Publication: Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 112, Issue D5, CiteID D05105 Publication Date: 03/2007 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: constituent transport and chemistry (3334), Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: composition and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Constituent sources and sinks Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2006JD007064 Bibliographic Code: 2007JGRD..11205105K Abstract Ozone loss in the lower and middle stratosphere in spring and summer, in particular over polar regions, is driven mainly by halogens and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Whereas the stratospheric chlorine levels are expected to decrease in the future, the role of NOx for the O3 budget in a changing climate is not well quantified. Here we combine satellite measurements and model simulations to diagnose the accumulated O3 loss during winter and spring 2002-2003 in the Arctic polar stratosphere. We show that in a winter stratosphere strongly disturbed by warmings, O3 loss processes driven by halogens and NOx can significantly overlap within the polar column and become comparable in magnitude even if a significant, halogen-induced O3 loss has occurred. Whereas, until the beginning of March 2003, polar column O3 loss was mainly caused by the halogen chemistry within the vortex at an altitude around 18 km, the chemical O3 destruction in March and April was dominated by the NOx chemistry in O3-rich air masses transported from the subtropics and mixed with the polar air above the region affected by the halogens. This NOx-related O3 loss started around mid-December 2002 in subtropical air masses above 30 km that moved poleward after the major warming in January, descended to 22 km with an increasing magnitude of O3 loss and reached surprisingly high values of up to 50% local loss around the end of April. To some extent, the NOx-driven O3 loss was enhanced by mesospheric air trapped in the vortex at the beginning of the winter as a layer of few km in the vertical and transported downward within the vortex. The effect of NOx transported from the subtropics dominated the O3 loss processes in the polar stratosphere in spring 2003, both relative to the effect of the halogens and relative to the contribution of the mesospheric NOx sources. A comparison with the 1999/2000 Arctic winter and with the Antarctic vortex split event in 2002 shows that wave events triggered by stratospheric warmings may significantly enhance O3 loss driven by NOx when O3- and NOx-rich air masses from the subtropics are transported poleward and are mixed with the vortex air. Title: Simulation of ozone loss in Arctic winter 2004/2005 Authors: Grooß, J.-U.; Müller, R. Affiliation: AA(Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre, ICG-1:Stratosphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany); AB(Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre, ICG-1:Stratosphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany) Publication: Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 34, Issue 5, CiteID L05804 Publication Date: 03/2007 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: composition and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: constituent transport and chemistry (3334), Global Change: Atmosphere (0315, 0325), Atmospheric Processes: Middle atmosphere dynamics (0341, 0342), Atmospheric Processes: Polar meteorology Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2006GL028901 Bibliographic Code: 2007GeoRL..3405804G Abstract We present simulations of stratospheric ozone depletion in the Arctic winter 2004/2005 by the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). This winter is among the coldest on record with large observed ozone losses. It is also different from previously analyzed winters, as ozone mixing ratios within the polar vortex were not homogeneously distributed. The reason for the untypical ozone distribution is a second transport barrier that existed at the time of vortex formation. The simulations agree well with ozone measurements by the Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). The simulated vortex average column ozone loss between 380 and 550 K potential temperature (+/-1sigma) was 69 +/- 21 Dobson Units on 23 March. The simulated ozone loss is in approximate agreement with some published estimates, but is significantly lower than others. A possible reason for this difference is the inhomogeneous ozone distribution within the vortex which makes it more complicated to estimate of ozone loss. Title: Solar and cosmogenic argon in dated lunar impact spherules Authors: Levine, Jonathan; Renne, Paul R.; Muller, Richard A. Affiliation: AA(Chicago Center for Cosmochemistry and Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA), AB(Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA; Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA), AC(Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA) Publication: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Volume 71, Issue 6, p. 1624-1635. Publication Date: 03/2007 Origin: ELSEVIER Abstract Copyright: Elsevier Inc. DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2006.11.034 Bibliographic Code: 2007GeCoA..71.1624L Abstract We have studied lunar impact spherules from the Apollo 12 and Apollo 14 landing sites, examining the isotopic composition of argon released by stepwise heating. Elsewhere, we reported the formation ages of these spherules, determined by the 40Ar/39Ar isochron method. Here, we discuss solar and cosmogenic argon from the same spherules, separating these two components by correlating their partial releases with the releases of calcium-derived 37Ar on a ``cosmochron'' diagram. We use the abundances of cosmogenic argon to derive a cosmic ray exposure age for each spherule, and demonstrate that single scoops of lunar soil contain spherules which have experienced very different histories of exposure and burial. The solar argon is seen to be separated into isotopically lighter and heavier fractions, which presumably were implanted to different depths in the spherules. The abundance of the isotopically heavy solar argon is too great to explain as a minor constituent of the solar particle flux, such as the suprathermal tail of the solar wind. The fact that the spherules have been individually dated allows us to look for possible variations in the solar wind as a function of time, over the history of the Solar System. However, the isotopic composition and fluence of solar argon preserved in the lunar spherules appear to be independent of formation age. We believe that most of the spherules are saturated with solar argon, having reached a condition in which implantation by the solar wind is offset by losses from solar-wind sputtering and diffusion. Title: Sunda-Java trench kinematics, slab window formation and overriding plate deformation since the Cretaceous Authors: Whittaker, J. M.; Müller, R. D.; Sdrolias, M.; Heine, C. Affiliation: EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Corresponding author. Publication: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 255, Issue 3-4, p. 445-457. Publication Date: 03/2007 Origin: ELSEVIER Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.12.031 Bibliographic Code: 2007E&PSL.255..445W Abstract The kinematics and time-dependence of back-arc extension or compression is one of the most poorly understood aspects of plate tectonics, and has nearly exclusively been studied from snapshots of present-day observations. Here we combine absolute and relative plate motions with reconstructions of now subducted ocean floor to analyse subduction kinematics and upper plate strain from geological observations since 80 Ma along the 3200 km long Sunda-Java trench, one of the largest subduction systems on Earth. Combining plate motions and slab geometries enables us to reconstruct a time-dependent slab window beneath Sundaland, formed through Wharton spreading ridge subduction. We find that upper plate advance and retreat is the main influence on upper plate strain, but subduction of large bathymetric ridges, and slab-window effects, also play a significant, and at times dominant, role. Compression in the Sundaland back-arc region can be linked to advance of the upper plate. Extension of the Sundaland back-arc region correlates with two patterns of upper plate motion, (a) retreat of the upper plate, and (b) advance of the upper plate combined with more rapid advance of the Sundaland margin due to hinge rollback. Subduction of large bathymetric ridges causes compression in the upper plate, especially Wharton Ridge subduction underneath Sumatra over the period 15 0 Ma. Our reconstructions unravel the evolving geometry of a slab window underlying the Java South Sumatra region, and we propose that decreased mantle wedge viscosities associated with this slab-window exacerbated Palaeogene extension in the Java Sea region via active rifting, and enabled Sumatran continental extension to continue at 50 35 Ma when upper plate advance would otherwise have led to compression. Title: OSIRIS The Scientific Camera System Onboard Rosetta Authors: Keller, H. U.; Barbieri, C.; Lamy, P.; Rickman, H.; Rodrigo, R.; Wenzel, K.-P.; Sierks, H.; A'Hearn, M. F.; Angrilli, F.; Angulo, M.; Bailey, M. E.; Barthol, P.; Barucci, M. A.; Bertaux, J.-L.; Bianchini, G.; Boit, J.-L.; Brown, V.; Burns, J. A.; Büttner, I.; Castro, J. M.; Cremonese, G.; Curdt, W.; da Deppo, V.; Debei, S.; de Cecco, M.; Dohlen, K.; Fornasier, S.; Fulle, M.; Germerott, D.; Gliem, F.; Guizzo, G. P.; Hviid, S. F.; Ip, W.-H.; Jorda, L.; Koschny, D.; Kramm, J. R.; Kührt, E.; Küppers, M.; Lara, L. M.; Llebaria, A.; López, A.; López-Jimenez, A.; López-Moreno, J.; Meller, R.; Michalik, H.; Michelena, M. D.; Müller, R.; Naletto, G.; Origné, A.; Parzianello, G.; Pertile, M.; Quintana, C.; Ragazzoni, R.; Ramous, P.; Reiche, K.-U.; Reina, M.; Rodríguez, J.; Rousset, G.; Sabau, L.; Sanz, A.; Sivan, J.-P.; Stöckner, K.; Tabero, J.; Telljohann, U.; Thomas, N.; Timon, V.; Tomasch, G.; Wittrock, T.; Zaccariotto, M. Affiliation: AA(Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 2), AB(CISAS, University of Padova), AC(Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille), AD(Department of Astronomy and Space Physics), AE(Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía -- CSIC), AF(Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC), AG(Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 2), AH(Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland), AI(CISAS, University of Padova), AJ(Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial), AK(Armagh Observatory, College Hill), AL(Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 2), AM(Observatoire de Paris -- Meudon), AN(Service d'Aéronomie du CNRS), AO(CISAS, University of Padova), AP(Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille), AQ(Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía -- CSIC), AR(Cornell University), AS(Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 2), AT(Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía -- CSIC), AU(CISAS, University of Padova; , INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico), AV(Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 2), AW(CISAS, University of Padova; , CNR -- INFM Luxor), AX(CISAS, University of Padova), AY(CISAS, University of Padova; DIMS, University of Trento), AZ(Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille), BA(CISAS, University of Padova), BB(Osservatorio Astronomico de Trieste), BC(Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 2), BD(Institut für Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze), BE(CISAS, University of Padova; , Carlo Gavazzi Space), BF(Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 2), BG(Institute of Space Science, National Central University), BH(Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille), BI(Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC), BJ(Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 2), BK(Institut für Planetenforschung, DLR), BL(Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 2), BM(Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía -- CSIC), BN(Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille), BO(Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial), BP(Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía -- CSIC), BQ(Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía -- CSIC), BR(Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 2), BS(Institut für Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze), BT(Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial), BU(Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 2), BV(CISAS, University of Padova), BW(Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille), BX(CISAS, University of Padova), BY(CISAS, University of Padova), BZ(Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial), CA(CISAS, University of Padova; , INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico), CB(CISAS, University of Padova), CC(Institut für Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze), CD(Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial), CE(Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía -- CSIC), CF(Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille), CG(Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial), CH(Universidad Politécnica de Madrid), CI(Observatoire de Haute-Provence), CJ(Institut für Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze), CK(Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial), CL(Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC), CM(Physikalisches Institut der Universität Bern), CN(Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial), CO(Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 2), CP(Institut für Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze), CQ(CISAS, University of Padova) Publication: Space Science Reviews, Volume 128, Issue 1-4, pp. 433-506 Publication Date: 02/2007 Origin: SPRINGER Keywords: Rosetta, OSIRIS, camera, imaging system, spectroscopic, cometary activity, 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Narrow Angle Camera, Wide Angle Camera Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. DOI: 10.1007/s11214-006-9128-4 Bibliographic Code: 2007SSRv..128..433K Abstract The Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System OSIRIS is the scientific camera system onboard the Rosetta spacecraft (Figure 1). The advanced high performance imaging system will be pivotal for the success of the Rosetta mission. OSIRIS will detect 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from a distance of more than 106 km, characterise the comet shape and volume, its rotational state and find a suitable landing spot for Philae, the Rosetta lander. OSIRIS will observe the nucleus, its activity and surroundings down to a scale of ~2 cm px-1. The observations will begin well before the onset of cometary activity and will extend over months until the comet reaches perihelion. During the rendezvous episode of the Rosetta mission, OSIRIS will provide key information about the nature of cometary nuclei and reveal the physics of cometary activity that leads to the gas and dust coma. OSIRIS comprises a high resolution Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) unit and a Wide Angle Camera (WAC) unit accompanied by three electronics boxes. The NAC is designed to obtain high resolution images of the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko through 12 discrete filters over the wavelength range 250 1000 nm at an angular resolution of 18.6 murad px-1. The WAC is optimised to provide images of the near-nucleus environment in 14 discrete filters at an angular resolution of 101 murad px-1. The two units use identical shutter, filter wheel, front door, and detector systems. They are operated by a common Data Processing Unit. The OSIRIS instrument has a total mass of 35 kg and is provided by institutes from six European countries. Title: Erratum to ``Optimization of KOH etching parameters for quantitative defect recognition in n- and p-type doped SiC'' Authors: Sakwe, S. A.; Müller, R.; Wellmann, P. J. Affiliation: Department of Materials Science 6, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martens-Str. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 9131 8527719. Publication: Journal of Crystal Growth, Volume 299, Issue 1, p. 234-234. Publication Date: 02/2007 Origin: ELSEVIER Abstract Copyright: Elsevier B.V. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.10.196 Bibliographic Code: 2007JCrGr.299..234S Abstract Not Available Title: Power Optimal Scheduling for Guaranteed Throughput in Multi-access Fading Channels Authors: Chaporkar, Prasanna; Kansanen, Kimmo; Müller, Ralf R. Publication: eprint arXiv:cs/0702007 Publication Date: 02/2007 Origin: ARXIV Keywords: Computer Science - Information Theory Bibliographic Code: 2007cs........2007C Abstract A power optimal scheduling algorithm that guarantees desired throughput and bounded delay to each user is developed for fading multi-access multi-band systems. The optimization is over the joint space of all rate allocation and coding strategies. The proposed scheduling assigns rates on each band based only on the current system state, and subsequently uses optimal multi-user signaling to achieve these rates. The scheduling is computationally simple, and hence scalable. Due to uplink-downlink duality, all the results extend in straightforward fashion to the broadcast channels. Title: CuTCNQ resistive nonvolatile memories with a noble metal bottom electrode Authors: Müller, R.; Naulaerts, R.; Billen, J.; Genoe, J.; Heremans, P. Affiliation: IMEC v.z.w., Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Publication: Applied Physics Letters, Volume 90, Issue 6, id. 063503 (3 pages) (2007). Publication Date: 02/2007 Origin: AIP Keywords: organic semiconductors, electrical contacts, metal-semiconductor-metal structures, electrical resistivity, electrical conductivity, electrodes, gold, aluminium Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.2457342 Bibliographic Code: 2007ApPhL..90f3503M Abstract Resistive electrical switching of the organic semiconductor Cu-tetracyanoquinodimethane (CuTCNQ) was investigated between gold bottom and aluminum top contacts. Corresponding Au/CuTCNQ/Al crossbar memories achieved several thousand write/erase cycles. The switching process was further studied by current-time measurements, and temperature-dependent measurements of the on state conductivity. Title: On the Distance and Structure of W80 Authors: Cersosimo, J. C.; Muller, R. J.; Figueroa Vélez, S.; Santiago Figueroa, N.; Baez, P.; Testori, J. C. Affiliation: AA(Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Puerto Rico at Humacao, Humacao, PR), AB(Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Puerto Rico at Humacao, Humacao, PR), AC(Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Puerto Rico at Humacao, Humacao, PR), AD(Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Puerto Rico at Humacao, Humacao, PR), AE(Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Puerto Rico at Humacao, Humacao, PR), AF(Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina) Publication: The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 656, Issue 1, pp. 248-254. Publication Date: 02/2007 Origin: UCP ApJ Keywords: Galaxy: Disk, ISM: H II Regions, ISM: individual (W80) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: The American Astronomical Society DOI: 10.1086/510372 Bibliographic Code: 2007ApJ...656..248C Abstract The continuum radiation of the Galactic region located at l=85deg, b=-0.5deg is well defined by its 11 cm emission. The region, extended 3° in diameter, is cataloged as W80, and its optical images show the North America and Pelican Nebulae complexes. In this paper we present new distance measurements and physical parameters obtained from radio recombination line observations at a frequency near 1.4 GHz. Four structures are identified in the region under study: a near structure is located at a distance of about 0.7 kpc, another structure lies on the east side of W80 at a distance of 1.7 kpc, there is a concentration of ionized gas on the west side at a distance of 2.7 kpc, and a fourth structure is found further away at 3.3 kpc, which does not seem to belong to the W80 complex. The results are presented using the (X, Y, Z)-coordinates of the Galactic plane. The model used assumes a constant electron temperature Te=6800 K and also assumes homogeneity. Our results seem to indicate that the ionized hydrogen of W80 spreads along the line of sight instead of clumping at one distance. We obtain values of the electron density and the ionization parameter between ne=5 and 16 cm-3 and U=51 and 110 cm-2 pc, respectively. Title: Feinheiten im Sonarsystem von Fledermäusen Authors: Müller, Rolf Publication: Physik in unserer Zeit, vol. 38, issue 1, pp. 8-9 Publication Date: 01/2007 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1002/piuz.200690133 Bibliographic Code: 2007PhuZ...38....8M Abstract Not Available Title: Strong influence of configuration interactions on the orientation and alignment dichroism in the 3p photoelectron spectra of free laser-polarized Fe atoms Authors: Müller, R.; Schulz, J.; Wernet, Ph.; Godehusen, K.; Martins, M.; Sonntag, B.; Zimmermann, P. Affiliation: AA(Institut für Atomare und Analytische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany), AB(Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany), AC(BESSY, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12047 Berlin, Germany), AD(BESSY, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12047 Berlin, Germany), AE(Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany), AF(Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany), AG(Institut für Atomare und Analytische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany) Publication: Physical Review A, vol. 75, Issue 1, id. 012718 Publication Date: 01/2007 Origin: APS Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: The American Physical Society DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.012718 Bibliographic Code: 2007PhRvA..75a2718M Abstract The 3p photoelectron spectra of oriented and aligned free Fe atoms are presented. The atomic polarization was achieved by optical pumping. For this purpose single-mode ultraviolet continuous wave laser radiation was produced by second harmonic generation in an external ring resonator. The ground state Fe 3d64s2 D45 was oriented by circularly polarized laser radiation and aligned by linearly polarized laser radiation. Switching from right handed to left handed circularly polarized laser radiation or by changing the polarization angle of the linearly polarized laser radiation by 90° allowed for the measurement of the orientation or the alignment dichroism in the Fe 3p photoelectron spectra excited by linearly polarized synchrotron radiation. The spectra are compared to the predictions of the single configuration LS -coupling model and the results of single and multiconfiguration calculations. Strong configuration interactions in the final core-hole states manifest themselves in marked deviations from the characteristic patterns. The comparison of the spectra of the free Fe atoms with spectra of thin magnetized Fe films reveals similarities but also marked differences between the dichroism curves of free and bound Fe atoms. The common atomic origin of the dichroism of free and bound Fe atoms is discussed; changes in the intra-atomic electron interactions as well as changes in valence electronic configuration when going from free to bound Fe atoms are addressed. Title: Hysteresis losses of magnetic nanoparticle powders in the single domain size range Authors: Dutz, S.; Hergt, R.; Mürbe, J.; Müller, R.; Zeisberger, M.; Andrä, W.; Töpfer, J.; Bellemann, M. E. Affiliation: AA(Institute for Physical High Technology e. V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany), AB(Institute for Physical High Technology e. V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany), AC(Department of Materials Technology, University of Applied Sciences, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany), AD(Institute for Physical High Technology e. V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany), AE(Institute for Physical High Technology e. V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany), AF(Institute for Physical High Technology e. V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany), AG(Department of Materials Technology, University of Applied Sciences, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany), AH(Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany) Publication: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Volume 308, Issue 2, p. 305-312. Publication Date: 01/2007 Origin: ELSEVIER Keywords: 75.50.Tt, 75.60.Jk, 75.75, 81.07.Wx, 87.54.Br Abstract Copyright: Elsevier B.V. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.06.005 Bibliographic Code: 2007JMMM..308..305D Abstract Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle powders were investigated in order to optimise the specific hysteresis losses for biomedical heating applications. Different samples with a mean particle size in the transition range from superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic behaviour (i.e. 10 100 nm) were prepared by two different chemical precipitation routes. Additionally, the influence of milling and annealing on hysteresis losses of the nanoparticles was investigated. Structural investigations of the samples were carried out by X-ray diffraction, measurement of specific surface area, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The dependence of hysteresis losses of minor loops on the field amplitude was determined using vibrating sample magnetometry and caloric measurements. For small field amplitudes, a power law was found which changes into saturation at amplitudes well above the coercive field. Maximum hysteresis losses of 6.6 J/kg per cycle were observed for milled powder. For field amplitudes below about 10 kA/m, which are especially interesting for medical and technical applications, hysteresis losses of all investigated powders were at least by one order of magnitude lower than reported for magnetosomes of comparable size. Title: Observation Report 2003-2004: Humacao University Observatory Authors: Muller, Rafael; Cersosimo, J. C.; Miranda, Valmin; Mart{\'{\i}}nez, Chaim; Carrion, Pedro; Cotto, Desiree; Rosado-de Jes{\'{u}}s, Iliana; Centeno, Diana; Rivera, Leonardo Publication: Journal of Double Star Observations, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 11-16. Publication Date: 01/2007 Origin: JDSO Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: University of South Alabama Bibliographic Code: 2007JDSO....3...11M Abstract We report on measurements of position angle and separation of binary stars obtained using a CCD camera coupled to a 31 inch telescope. The images where obtained in the fall of 2003 and the spring and fall of 2004. They where analyzed at the Humacao University Observatory afterwards as part of the ongoing research project on binary stars. Title: Radiometric normalization of sensor scan angle effects in optical remote sensing imagery Authors: Palubinskas, G.; Müller, R.; Reinartz, P.; Schroeder, M. Publication: International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol. 28, issue 19, pp. 4453-4469 Publication Date: 01/2007 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1080/01431160601050403 Bibliographic Code: 2007IJRS...28.4453P Abstract Not Available Title: The Metrology Light Source - the New Dedicated Electron Storage Ring of PTB Authors: Ulm, G.; Brandt, G.; Eden, J.; Fliegauf, R.; Gottwald, A.; Hoehl, A.; Klein, R.; Müller, R.; Richter, M.; Scholze, F.; Thornagel, R.; Anders, W.; Budz, P.; Bürkmann-Gehrlein, K.; Dressler, O.; Dürr, V.; Feikes, J.; Hoberg, H.-G.; Kuske, P.; Krämer, D.; Lange, R.; Rahn, J.; Schneegans, T.; Weihreter, E.; Wüstefeld, G. Affiliation: AA(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AB(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AC(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AD(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AE(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AF(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AG(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AH(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AI(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AJ(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AK(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AL(BESSY GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AM(BESSY GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AN(BESSY GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AO(BESSY GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AP(BESSY GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AQ(BESSY GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AR(BESSY GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AS(BESSY GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AT(BESSY GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AU(BESSY GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AV(BESSY GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AW(BESSY GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AX(BESSY GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AY(BESSY GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany) Publication: SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION: Ninth International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 879, pp. 167-170 (2007). Publication Date: 01/2007 Origin: AIP Keywords: storage rings, light sources, synchrotron radiation, calibration, measurement standards Abstract Copyright: (c) 2007: American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.2436032 Bibliographic Code: 2007AIPC..879..167U Abstract The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) is currently constructing a low-energy electron storage ring in the close vicinity of BESSY II where PTB operates a laboratory for synchrotron-radiation-based metrology, mainly in the X-ray spectral region. The new storage ring, which will be called `Metrology Light Source' (MLS), will mainly be dedicated to metrology and technological development in the UV, EUV and VUV spectral range and will thus fill the gap in the spectral range that has opened up since the shut-down of BESSY I. Moreover, the MLS will deliver intense radiation in the IR and FIR/THz spectral range. The MLS can be operated with parameters optimized for special calibration tasks, which, at a multi-user facility such as BESSY II is rarely possible. The electron energy can be tuned in the range from 200 MeV up to 600 MeV and the electron beam current can be adjusted from 1pA (single electron) up to 200 mA. All relevant storage ring parameters can be measured with high accuracy, thus making the MLS a source of calculable synchrotron radiation, i.e. a primary source standard. The MLS is designed in close co-operation with the BESSY GmbH, construction has started in the autumn of 2004 and user operation is scheduled to begin in 2008. Title: Multichannel balanced electro-optic detection for Terahertz imaging Authors: Pradarutti, B.; Müller, R.; Matthäus, G.; Brückner, C.; Riehemann, S.; Notni, G.; Nolte, S.; Tünnermann, A. Publication: Optics Express, vol. 15, issue 26, p. 17652 Publication Date: 00/2007 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1364/OE.15.017652 Bibliographic Code: 2007OExpr..1517652P Abstract Not Available Title: Spectro polarimetry with liquid crystals. Authors: Malherbe, J.-M.; Roudier, Th.; Moity, J.; Mein, P.; Arnaud, J.; Muller, R. Affiliation: AA( Observatoire de Paris, LESIA, 92195 Meudon AB(Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, 57 Avenue d'Azereix, BP826, 65008 Tarbes, France), AC( Observatoire de Paris, LESIA, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France), AD(Observatoire de Paris, LESIA, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France), AE(Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France), AF(Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, 57 Avenue d'Azereix, BP826, 65008 Tarbes, France) Publication: Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, v.78, p.203 (2006) Publication Date: 00/2007 Origin: MmSAI Keywords: Sun: atmosphere, Sun: magnetic fields Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: SAIt Bibliographic Code: 2007MmSAI..78..203M Abstract We report spectro polarimetric observations made with the spectrograph of the Lunette Jean Rösch at Pic du Midi, France. We have tested Ferroelectric (FLC) and Nematic (NLC) Liquid Crystals. The instrument setup is briefly decribed, together with first observations of magnetic fields obtained with the Multichannel Subtractive Double Pass (MSDP). Polarization analysis of various spectral lines performed with the single pass (SP) spectrograph in active regions or at the limb is also presented. Title: Space and time variation of the solar granulation. Authors: Muller, R.; Hanslmeier, A.; Saldaña-Muñoz, M. Affiliation: AA( Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de l'Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Observatoire du Pic du Midi, 57 Avenue d'Azereix, F-65008 Tarbes, France Physik, Geophysik, Astrophysik und Meteorologie, Karl-Franzens - Universität, Universitätsplatz 5, A-8010 Graz, Austria), AC(Institut für Physik, Geophysik, Astrophysik und Meteorologie, Karl-Franzens - Universität, Universitätsplatz 5, A-8010 Graz, Austria) Publication: Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, v.78, p.71 (2006) Publication Date: 00/2007 Origin: MmSAI Keywords: Sun: granulation, Sun: activity cycle Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: SAIt Bibliographic Code: 2007MmSAI..78...71M Abstract Granulation images, taken on film with the 50 cm refractor of the Pic du Midi Observatory between 1978 and 1993, have been analysed. The solar granulation appears to vary, both in space, along the solar equator, and in time, in phase with the activity cycle. Around the equator, the granulation scale varies with an amplitude as large as 15%; the contrast varies similarly: where the scale increases, the contrast increases too. Concerning the time variation, only a variation of the contrast is detected: it is smaller at periods of solar maxima. We cannot quantify the amplitude of the variation because of photometic uncertainties. We do not detect any variation of the scale of the granulation: it must be of much lower amplitude than the contrast variation. Title: Multibeam tomotherapy: A new treatment unit devised for multileaf collimation, intensity-modulated radiation therapy Authors: Achterberg, Nils; Müller, Reinhold G. Publication: Medical Physics, vol. 34, issue 10, p. 3926 Publication Date: 00/2007 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1118/1.2779129 Bibliographic Code: 2007MedPh..34.3926A Abstract Not Available Title: Shear and Convective Turbulence in a Model of Thermohaline Intrusions Authors: M{\"{u}}ller, Rachael D.; Smyth, William D.; Ruddick, Barry Publication: Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol. 37, issue 10, p. 2534 Publication Date: 00/2007 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1175/JPO3137.1 Bibliographic Code: 2007JPO....37.2534M Abstract Not Available Title: Spatiotemporal Patterns and Return Periods of Tropical Storm and Hurricane Strikes from Texas to Maine Authors: Keim, Barry D.; Muller, Robert A.; Stone, Gregory W. Publication: Journal of Climate, vol. 20, issue 14, p. 3498 Publication Date: 00/2007 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1175/JCLI4187.1 Bibliographic Code: 2007JCli...20.3498K Abstract Not Available Title: Frequency-swept directivity lobes---An emerging functional principle of biosonar beamforming Authors: Müller, Rolf; Lu, Hongwang; Zhang, Zhiwei; Buck, John R. Publication: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 122, issue 5, p. 2946 Publication Date: 00/2007 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1121/1.2942493 Bibliographic Code: 2007ASAJ..122.2946M Abstract Not Available Title: Preparation and characterization of calibration standards for bone density determination by micro-computed tomography Authors: Schweizer, Susanne; Hattendorf, Bodo; Schneider, Philipp; Aeschlimann, Beat; Gauckler, Ludwig; Müller, Ralph; Günther, Detlef Publication: The Analyst, vol. 132, issue 10, p. 1040 Publication Date: 00/2007 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1039/b703220j Bibliographic Code: 2007Ana...132.1040S Abstract Not Available Title: The unique DKxanthene secondary metabolite family from the myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus is required for developmental sporulation Authors: Meiser, P.; Bode, H. B.; Muller, R. Publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 103, issue 50, pp. 19128-19133 Publication Date: 12/2006 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0606039103 Bibliographic Code: 2006PNAS..10319128M Abstract Not Available Title: Integrated optical proximity microsensor Authors: Esinenco, D.; Budianu, E.; Bineva, I.; Andrijasevic, D.; Manea, E.; Brenner, W.; Muller, R. Publication: Journal of Luminescence, vol. 121, issue 2, pp. 394-398 Publication Date: 12/2006 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2006.08.065 Bibliographic Code: 2006JLum..121..394E Abstract Not Available Title: Development of tracer relations and chemical ozone loss during the setup phase of the polar vortex Authors: Tilmes, Simone; Müller, Rolf; Grooß, Jens-Uwe; Nakajima, Hideaki; Sasano, Yasuhiro Affiliation: AA(Institute of Stratospheric Research (ICG-I), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AB(Institute of Stratospheric Research (ICG-I), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AC(Institute of Stratospheric Research (ICG-I), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AD(Atmospheric Environment Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan); AE(Atmospheric Environment Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan) Publication: Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 111, Issue D24, CiteID D24S90 Publication Date: 12/2006 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: composition and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: constituent transport and chemistry (3334), Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Evolution of the atmosphere (1610, 8125) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2005JD006726 Bibliographic Code: 2006JGRD..11124S90T Abstract The development of tracer-tracer relations in the polar stratosphere is analyzed during the period when the vortex forms and a westerly circulation develops after polar summer (the setup phase of the polar vortex). We consider high southern latitudes from March to June for winter 1997 and 2003 and high northern latitudes from September to October 2003. ILAS and ILAS-II satellite observations and model simulations are used to investigate chemical changes in O3, NO2 and HNO3 during these periods. Tracer-tracer relations and meteorological analyses consistently indicate a separation of the incipient polar vortex into two parts. The area within the edge of the inner vortex is isolated from the outer part that is still influenced by mixing with air of midlatitude origin. In the Antarctic in April, ozone concentrations vary by about 0.5 ppmv within the isolated inner vortex between 500 and 600 K potential temperature. This inhomogeneous distribution of ozone is likewise obvious in MIPAS satellite measurements. Box model simulations explain that the low ozone concentrations in April are caused by chemical ozone loss due to catalytic cycles which are mainly driven by NO x at this time of the year. The simulations also explain the observed conversion of NO x to HNO3 during the setup phase of the 2003 Antarctic vortex. During June in the Antarctic, the internal vortex transport barrier disappears and ozone mixing ratios become homogeneous throughout the entire vortex. At that time, no further ozone loss occurs because of the lack of sunlight. Title: Simultaneous lidar observations of a polar stratospheric cloud on the east and west sides of the Scandinavian mountains and microphysical box model simulations Authors: Blum, U.; Khosrawi, F.; Baumgarten, G.; Stebel, K.; Müller, R.; Fricke, K. H. Affiliation: AA(Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt, 2027 Kjeller, miljövetenskap/Meteorologiska institutionen, Stockholms Universitet, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden), AC(Leibniz-Institut für Atmosphärenphysik e.V., 18225 Kühlungsborn, Germany), AD(Norsk institutt for luftforskning, 9296 Tromsø, Norway), AE(Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre: Stratosphäre (ICG-I), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany), AF(Physikalisches Institut der Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany) Publication: Annales Geophysicae, Volume 24, Issue 12, 2006, pp.3267-3277 Publication Date: 12/2006 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2006AnGeo..24.3267B Abstract The importance of polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) for polar ozone depletion is well established. Lidar experiments are well suited to observe and classify polar stratospheric clouds. On 5 January 2005 a PSC was observed simultaneously on the east and west sides of the Scandinavian mountains by ground-based lidars. This cloud was composed of liquid particles with a mixture of solid particles in the upper part of the cloud. Multi-colour measurements revealed that the liquid particles had a mode radius of r≈300 nm, a distribution width of sigma≈1.04 and an altitude dependent number density of N≈2-20 cm-3. Simulations with a microphysical box model show that the cloud had formed about 20 h before observation. High HNO3 concentrations in the PSC of 40-50 weight percent were simulated in the altitude regions where the liquid particles were observed, while this concentration was reduced to about 10 weight percent in that part of the cloud where a mixture between solid and liquid particles was observed by the lidar. The model simulations also revealed a very narrow particle size distribution with values similar to the lidar observations. Below and above the cloud almost no HNO3 uptake was simulated. Although the PSC shows distinct wave signatures, no gravity wave activity was observed in the temperature profiles measured by the lidars and meteorological analyses support this observation. The observed cloud must have formed in a wave field above Iceland about 20 h prior to the measurements and the cloud wave pattern was advected by the background wind to Scandinavia. In this wave field above Iceland temperatures potentially dropped below the ice formation temperature, so that ice clouds may have formed which can act as condensation nuclei for the nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles observed at the cloud top above Esrange. Title: Solar Argon Recorded in Dated Lunar Impact Spherules Authors: Levine, J.; Renne, P. R.; Muller, R. A. Affiliation: AA(Chicago Center for Cosmochemistry, Department of Geophysical Sciences University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 United States; Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709 United States; Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, AC(Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 United States; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, Ca Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006, abstract \#SM43A-1471 Publication Date: 12/2006 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 1150 Cosmogenic-nuclide exposure dating (4918), 1160 Planetary and lunar geochronology, 2169 Solar wind sources, 6250 Moon (1221), 7599 General or miscellaneous Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2006AGUFMSM43A1471L Abstract The surface of the Moon is a uniquely accessible location for collecting samples of contemporary and fossil solar wind. Noble gases implanted by the solar wind have been particularly well studied, because the solar wind is the largest source of these elements in the lunar regolith. Elemental and isotopic abundances of noble gases in the present-day solar wind were first determined using foils exposed by the Apollo astronauts; improvements on these measurements are becoming possible only now, with the examination of Genesis mission samples. Lunar mineral grains and glasses collected during the Apollo missions are still unrivaled as records of the solar wind in the geological past. We have studied argon isotopes from 355 lunar impact spherules collected at the Apollo 12 and Apollo 14 landing sites. We used the 40Ar/39Ar isochron method to determine formation ages of individual specimens, and distinguished cosmogenic and solar contributions of ^{38}Ar and ^{36}Ar by correlating the releases of these isotopes with the laboratory-induced calcium proxy 37Ar. The results of our work are relevant for both solar science and lunar science. The isotopic composition and release patterns of solar argon from the spherules are most simply explained by the presence of two distinct implanted components, an isotopically light solar wind and a higher-energy, isotopically heavier component which we identify with so- called solar energetic particles. Though these two components have been discussed in the literature, their origins and the relationship between them remain enigmatic. Our measurements favor a solar wind ^{38}Ar/^{36}Ar ratio lighter than that of the terrestrial atmosphere. We find no evidence of a secular change in the isotopic composition of the solar energetic particle component, which dominates the record of implanted solar noble gases. In some models, the solar energetic particles come from the high-energy tail of the solar wind energy distribution, representing 3-30 ppm of the total flux. If this is correct, then the fluence of solar argon retained by the spherules, typically ~1 pmol/mm2 of ^{38}Ar, appears unreasonably large, unless the flux, energy distribution, or isotopic composition of the solar wind has changed over geological time. Both the cosmogenic and solar argon released from the spherules imply relatively efficient mixing of the upper regolith over hundreds of millions of years. All the spherules received an appreciable dose of solar corpuscular radiation, and the fluence of solar argon was nearly independent of spherule age. This suggests that, once spherules are buried, they are rarely or never returned to the top of the soil. Nevertheless, the cosmic ray exposure ages we infer for the spherules demonstrate that many spherules were cycled beneath the ~1 m penetration depth of galactic cosmic rays between their creation and collection in the shallow subsurface. Future missions to the Moon can benefit our understanding of the solar wind not only by analyzing solar atoms as they arrive, but also by extending the collection of lunar surface materials available for in situ analysis. In this paper, we review work we have already completed with Apollo samples, and suggest directions for future research. Title: Interleaving Intrusions Along the George V Coast Shelf Break, Antarctica Authors: Padman, L.; M{\"{u}}ller, R. D.; Muench, R. D.; Jacobs, S. S. Affiliation: AA(Earth &Space Research, 3350 SW Cascade Ave, Corvallis, OR 97333 United States; Garfield Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330 United States; Fairview Ave. E, Suite 102, Seattle, WA 98102 United Observatory, Columbia University, Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 United States; Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006, abstract \#OS13B-1551 Publication Date: 12/2006 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 4500 OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL, 4524 Fine structure and microstructure, 4568 Turbulence, diffusion, and mixing processes (4490), 4572 Upper ocean and mixed layer processes Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2006AGUFMOS13B1551P Abstract Interleaving between cold shelf waters and the warmer offshore waters of Circumpolar Deep Water origin was observed along the Antarctic continental shelf break in the region ~142°-154°E during a cruise in October (late austral winter) 2004. The region is believed to be a site for significant water mass modification including bottom water formation. In this poster we explore mixing along the shelf break in this region, focusing on the role of intrusions. A free-fall, tethered vertical microstructure profiler was used to obtain a time series, over a period of ~20 hours, consisting of 22 scalar and shear microstructure profiles. Ancillary fine- structure data were obtained with a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiler, and vertical profiles of the horizontal currents were acquired with vessel-mounted 38 and 150 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) systems. The ADCP units also recorded relative backscatter intensity. The data show well-developed interleaving, with considerable variation over time/space in the structure of individual intrusions. We discuss the relative importance of double diffusion and shear-driven turbulence in the evolution of the intrusions and compare these results with other recent observations. Values of diapycnal diffusivity K_z based on shear microstructure data ranged from negligible to moderate (~10-3 m2s-1), but preliminary analyses suggest that patches of significant K_z are not consistently related to specific intrusive features. There is a qualitative correspondence between the intrusions and high-backscatter layers, but we are presently unable to determine the cause of the observed backscatter variability. These analyses contribute to our understanding of the processes by which water types formed in the Antarctic coastal environment ultimately contribute to the larger-scale Southern Ocean and global ocean circulation. Title: A 4D Framework for Ocean Basin Paleodepths and Eustatic Sea Level Change Authors: Muller, R.; Sdrolias, M.; Gaina, C. Affiliation: AA(School of Geosciences, Building H11, Univ. of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia; Geosciences, Building H11, Univ. of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia; ), AC(Norwegian Geological Survey, Leiv Eirikssons vei 39, Trondheim, 7491 Norway; Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006, abstract \#IN13C-1171 Publication Date: 12/2006 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 1641 Sea level change (1222, 1225, 4556), 3005 Marine magnetics and paleomagnetics (1550), 3040 Plate tectonics (8150, 8155, 8157, 8158), 3045 Seafloor morphology, geology, and geophysics Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2006AGUFMIN13C1171M Abstract A digital framework for paleobathymetry of the ocean basins requires the complete reconstruction of ocean floor through time, including the main ocean basins, back-arc basins, and now subducted ocean crust. We reconstruct paleo-oceans by creating "synthetic plates", the locations and geometry of which is established on the basis of preserved ocean crust (magnetic lineations and fracture zones), geological data, and the rules of plate tectonics. We reconstruct the spreading histories of the Pacific, Phoenix, Izanagi, Farallon and Kula plates, the plates involved in the Indian, Atlantic, Caribbean, Arctic, Tethys and Arctic oceanic domains and all plates involved in preserved backarc basins. Based mainly on the GML-standards compliant GPlates software and the Generic Mapping Tools, we have created a set of global oceanic paleo-isochrons and paleoceanic age and depth grids. We show that the late-Cretaceous sea level highstand and the subsequent long-term drop in sea level was primarily caused by the changing age-area distribution of Pacific ocean floor through time. The emplacement of oceanic plateaus has resulted in a 40 m sealevel rise between 125 and 110 Ma, and a further 60 m rise after 110 Ma, whereas the oceanic age and latitude dependence of marine sediments has resulted in a 40m sealevel rise since about 120Ma, offsetting the gradual post-80Ma drop in sealevel due to the ageing and deepening mainly of the Pacific ocean basin, with the net effect being an about 200m drop after 80 Ma. Between 140 Ma and the present, oceanic crustal production dropped by over 40% in the Pacific, but stayed roughly constant in the remaining ocean basins. Our results suggest that the overall magnitude of 1st order sealevel change implied by Haq's sea level curve is correct. Title: New 1-minute satellite altimetry reveals major Australian-Antarctic plate reorganisation at Hawaiian-Emperor bend time Authors: Whittaker, J.; Müller, R. D. Affiliation: AA(School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, School of Geosciences Building H11 University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia; Geosciences, The University of Sydney, School of Geosciences Building H11 University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia; Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006, abstract \#T51F-08 Publication Date: 12/2006 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 8105 Continental margins: divergent (1212, 8124), 8157 Plate motions: past (3040) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2006AGUFM.T51F..08W Abstract Plate reconstruction models for the rifting and spreading between Australia and East Antarctica continue to be poorly constrained prior to 50 Ma, due to an historical paucity of magnetic anomaly data close to the margins and a slow initial spreading rate. Published reconstructions result either in large overlaps between the South Tasman Rise and Antarctica, or in the partial misfitting of conjugate magnetic anomalies. Utilizing the new1- minute gravity grid by Sandwell and Smith, we have identified several NW-SE oriented small-offset fracture zones on the conjugate Australian and East Antarctic plates which display a bend to N-S oriented spreading at around Chron 22/21 time, suggesting a major plate reorganization at that time. Previous plate reconstructions for Australia-Antarctica match the Leeuwin Fracture Zone (eastern side of the Naturaliste Plateau) with the Vincennes fracture zone (eastern side of the Bruce Rise), which results in reconstructions where the Naturaliste Plateau is located to the north of the Bruce Rise, as well as in a major plate reorganization at around Chron 34, which does not correspond to a time of regional or global plate reorganization. Juxtaposition of the Naturaliste Plateau to the north of the Bruce Rise is problematic due to the identification of M-series magnetic anomalies which likely reflect Antarctic-India separation. Using a NW-SE direction of motion for separation prior to Chron 22/21, the Naturaliste Fracture Zone (western side of the Naturaliste Plateau) matches with the Vincennes Fracture Zone, resulting in reconstructions that place the Naturaliste Plateau to east of the Bruce Rise. Plate reconstructions using this revised direction for pre-chron21 motion between Australia and Antarctica show reduced amounts of overlap between the South Tasman Rise and Cape Adare and provide improved constraints on motion between East and West Antarctica and global plate circuit closure. Title: Using Geological Observations as Constraint for Inversion of the Australian Palaeo-Stress Field Authors: Dyksterhuis, S.; Müller, R. D.; Unternehr, P. Affiliation: AA(University of Sydney, Baxter Building, H11, University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia; Sydney, Baxter Building, H11, University of Sydney, AC(TOTAL, Bureau 8 D 06 2,place de la Coupole-La Defense 6, Paris, 92078 France; Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006, abstract \#T12B-06 Publication Date: 12/2006 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 8002 Continental neotectonics (8107), 8110 Continental tectonics: general (0905), 8164 Stresses: crust and lithosphere, 8169 Sedimentary basin processes Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2006AGUFM.T12B..06D Abstract Knowledge of continental present and palaeo-stress regimes is crucial for understanding brittle faulting in continental crust through time, which has direct relevance to topics ranging from understanding continental seismicity to the exploration for hydrocarbons. Using the commercial finite element modelling software ABAQUS in conjunction with the intelligent inversion software Nimrod/o, we model the Australian stress field through time. While stress direction data from the Australian Stress Map database can be used as constraint for our present day inversion, palaeo-time periods are less easily constrained. Geological field observations and remotely sensed geophysical data represent the main source of knowledge for palaeo-stress regimes, however, this type of data is difficult to include into an inversion process. Here we use the observed fault reactivation histories on the North West Australian Shelf and in the Gippsland and Otway Basins in South East Australia as observational constraints for inverting plate driving forces and spatially variable continental rheology for the best-fit present and palaeo-intraplate stress field. Incorporation of observed geological data into inversion modelling processes, particularly those with geological time dependence, represents a new frontier that will greatly enhance collaboration between observational scientists, resource explorers and computational modellers. Title: Ocean/Ice-Shelf Interactions Around Collapsing Antarctic Peninsula Ice Shelves Authors: M{\"{u}}ller, R. D.; Padman, L.; Domack, E.; Huber, B.; Willmott, V.; Leventer, A.; Brachfeld, S. Affiliation: AA(Earth &Space Research, 2040 NW Garfield Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330 United States; SW Cascade Ave, Corvallis, OR 97333-1536 United Geosciences, Environmental Studies Program, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323 United States; Observatory, Columbia University, Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 United States; Geosciences, Environmental Studies Program, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323 United States; Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY 13346 AG(Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043 Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006, abstract \#C41C-0346 Publication Date: 12/2006 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 0728 Ice shelves, 0750 Sea ice (4540), 4512 Currents, 4560 Surface waves and tides (1222) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2006AGUFM.C41C0346M Abstract We review oceanographic data collected during a series of recent cruises (2003, 2004, 2005) to the eastern side of the northern Antarctic Peninsula, including the embayments created through the collapse of Prince Gustav Channel and Larsen-A (collapsed 1995) and Larsen-B (2002) ice shelves. The data include swath bathymetry, time series of near-bottom conductivity-temperature records, conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiles, and ocean velocity from vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) systems. Bathymetry from the new embayment created by the Larsen-B disintegration reveals the presence of deep troughs (<1000 m water depth) leading into the fjords occupied by the Crane and other major glaciers. Previous studies have suggested that the observed post-breakup acceleration of these glaciers is a direct response to the removal of the ice shelf "buttress". The new bathymetric data suggest, however, that the extreme depth of the fjords and offshore troughs may also play a role in determining the post-breakup mass balance for these glaciers. The changing ocean geometry due to ice shelf retreats also modifies regional ocean circulation as previously blocked pathways become open to wind-forced and tidal circulation. Furthermore, ice shelf retreat modifies the rate of formation of the potentially supercooled Ice Shelf Water form by ice-shelf basal melt at pressure. We present preliminary results from 2-D and 3-D ocean tide models, indicating the change in tidal currents resulting from the collapse of Larsen-A and Larsen-B ice shelves. We discuss these results in light of the potential for collapses to lead to feedbacks in the ocean/ice-shelf/sea-ice system. Title: Measurements of Position Angle and Separation of Selected Binary Stars Authors: Muller, Rafael J.; Cersosimo, J. C.; Miranda, V. J.; Mart{\'{\i}}nez, C.; Centeno, D.; Rivera, L. Affiliation: AA(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao), AB(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao), AC(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao), AD(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao), AE(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao), AF(Univ. of Puerto Rico, Humacao) Publication: 2007 AAS/AAPT Joint Meeting, American Astronomical Society Meeting 209, \#151.04; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 38, p.1103 Publication Date: 12/2006 Origin: AAS Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Astronomical Society Bibliographic Code: 2006AAS...20915104M Abstract We report on measurements of position angle and separation of physical binary systems. Many such systems, characterized as "neglected binaries" by the Washington Double Star Catalog of the USNO, are included in our sample lists, some ignored for more than 100 years. The data reported here was acquired at the 31 inch NURO telescope near Flagstaff, AZ. We have found that many stars listed as neglected seem to show no change in separation and position angle for many years, suggesting that they are not physical binaries. We thank the Puerto Rico Space Grant Consortium and the Humacao Campus MARC programs for their support of this project. Title: Inaugural Article: Podocin and MEC-2 bind cholesterol to regulate the activity of associated ion channels Authors: Huber, T. B.; Schermer, B.; Muller, R. U.; Hohne, M.; Bartram, M.; Calixto, A.; Hagmann, H.; Reinhardt, C.; Koos, F.; Kunzelmann, K.; Shirokova, E.; Krautwurst, D.; Harteneck, C.; Simons, M.; Pavenstadt, H.; Kerjaschki, D.; Thiele, C.; Walz, G.; Chalfie, M.; Benzing, T. Publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 103, issue 46, pp. 17079-17086 Publication Date: 11/2006 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0607465103 Bibliographic Code: 2006PNAS..10317079H Abstract Not Available Title: Noseleaf Furrows in a Horseshoe Bat Act as Resonance Cavities Shaping the Biosonar Beam Authors: Zhuang, Qiao; Müller, Rolf Affiliation: AA(School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250100 Jinan, China), AA(School of Physics and Microelectronics, Shandong University, Hongjia Lou 5, 250100 Jinan, China) Publication: Physical Review Letters, vol. 97, Issue 21, id. 218701 Publication Date: 11/2006 Origin: APS Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: The American Physical Society DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.218701 Bibliographic Code: 2006PhRvL..97u8701Z Abstract Horseshoe bats emit their ultrasonic biosonar pulses through nostrils surrounded by intricately shaped protuberances (noseleaves). While these noseleaves have been hypothesized to affect the sonar beam, their physical function has never been analyzed. Using numerical methods, we show that conspicuous furrows in the noseleaf act as resonance cavities shaping the sonar beam. This demonstrates that (a) animals can use resonances in external, half-open cavities to direct sound emissions, (b) structural detail in the faces of bats can have acoustic effects even if it is not adjacent to the emission sites, and (c) specializations in the biosonar system of horseshoe bats allow for differential processing of subbands of the pulse in the acoustic domain. Title: New ultrasmall iron-oxide nanoparticles with high magnetisation as potential T1-MRI contrast agents for Molecular Imaging Authors: Taboada, Elena; Rodrigu{\'{e}}z, Elisenda; Roig, Anna; Oro, Judit; Roch, Alain; Muller, Robert N. Publication: eprint arXiv:cond-mat/0611243 Publication Date: 11/2006 Origin: ARXIV Keywords: Condensed Matter - Materials Science Comment: 27 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables. Submitted to: Journal of Materials Chemistry Bibliographic Code: 2006cond.mat.11243T Abstract Here we report on the synthesis of very small gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (5 nm) presenting very narrow particle size distribution and exceptionally high saturation magnetisation. The synthesis has been carried out in an organic medium with subsequent transfer to an aqueous solution at physiological pH. The structural and magnetic properties were kept unaltered after the solvent exchange. NMR relaxometric measurements show the potential of these particles as specific reporters for magnetic resonance molecular imaging. Title: Organic CuTCNQ integrated in complementary metal oxide semiconductor copper back end-of-line for nonvolatile memories Authors: Müller, R.; de Jonge, S.; Myny, K.; Wouters, D. J.; Genoe, J.; Heremans, P. Affiliation: IMEC v.z.w., Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Publication: Applied Physics Letters, Volume 89, Issue 22, id. 223501 (3 pages) (2006). Publication Date: 11/2006 Origin: AIP Keywords: MIS structures, copper, random-access storage, semiconductor storage, organic semiconductors, integrated circuit interconnections, nanowires, semiconductor quantum wires, current density, semiconductor growth, aluminium Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.2388883 Bibliographic Code: 2006ApPhL..89v3501M Abstract Nanowires of the organometallic semiconductor CuTCNQ were grown from TCNQ vapor in 250 nm diameter vias of a Cu back end-of-line process. Corresponding prototypes of cross-point Cu/CuTCNQ nanowire/Al memories exhibited nonvolatile bistable conductive switching for several ten write-erase cycles with switching currents below 10 muA and current densities 1000 times higher than for large-area devices. Scaling of memory elements was also investigated. Title: Contribution of mixing to the upward transport across the TTL Authors: Konopka, P.; Günther, G.; Müller, R.; Dos Santos, F. H. S.; Schiller, C.; Ravegnani, F.; Ulanovsky, A.; Schlager, H.; Volk, C. M.; Viciani, S.; Pan, L.; McKenna, D.-S.; Riese, M. Affiliation: AA(Forschungszentrum Jülich (ICG-I: Stratosphere), Germany), AB(Forschungszentrum Jülich (ICG-I: Stratosphere), Germany), AC(Forschungszentrum Jülich (ICG-I: Stratosphere), Germany), AD(Forschungszentrum Jülich (ICG-I: Stratosphere), Germany), AE(Forschungszentrum Jülich (ICG-I: Stratosphere), Germany), AF(CNR-ISAC, Bologna, Italy), AG(CAO, Dolgoprudny, Russia), AH(Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany), AI(Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik, Universität Frankfurt, Germany), AJ(INOA, Firenze, Italy), AK(National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA), AL(National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA), AM(Forschungszentrum Jülich (ICG-I: Stratosphere), Germany) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Volume 6, Issue 6, 2006, pp.12217-12266 Publication Date: 11/2006 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2006ACPD....612217K Abstract During the second part of the TROCCINOX campaign that took place in Brazil in early 2005, chemical species were measured on-board of the high altitude research aircraft Geophysica (ozone, water vapor, NO, NOy, CH4 and CO) in the altitude range up to 20 km (or up to 450 K potential temperature), i.e. spanning the TTL region roughly extending between 350 and 420 K.

Analysis of transport across TTL is performed using a new version of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). In this new version, the stratospheric model has been extended to the earth surface. Above the tropopause, the isentropic and cross-isentropic advection in CLaMS is driven by ECMWF winds and heating/cooling rates derived from a radiation calculation. Below the tropopause the model smoothly transforms from the isentropic to hybrid-pressure coordinate and, in this way, takes into account the effect of large-scale convective transport as implemented in the ECMWF vertical wind. As with other CLaMS simulations, the irreversible transport, i.e. mixing, is controlled by the local horizontal strain and vertical shear rates.

Stratospheric and tropospheric signatures in the TTL can be seen both in the observation and in the model. The composition of air above ≈350 K is mainly controlled by mixing on a time scale of weeks or even months. Based on CLaMS transport studies where mixing can be completely switched off, we deduce that vertical mixing, mainly driven by the vertical shear in the outflow regions of the large-scale convection and in the vicinity of the subtropical jets, is necessary to understand the upward transport of the tropospheric air from the main convective outflow around 350 K up to the tropical tropopause around 380 K. This mechanism is most effective if the outflow of the mesoscale convective systems interacts with the subtropical jets. Title: A Report on the Observation of Selected Binary Stars with Ephemerides in the Sixth Catalog of Orbits of Visual Binary Stars Authors: Muller, R. J.; Cersosimo, J. C.; Rosado-de Jes{\'{u}}s, Iliana; Cotto, Desiree; Miranda, Valmin; Mart{\'{\i}}nez, Chaim; Centeno, Diana Publication: Journal of Double Star Observations, vol. 2, no. 4, p. 138-141. Publication Date: 10/2006 Origin: JDSO Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: University of South Alabama Bibliographic Code: 2006JDSO....2..138M Abstract We observed nine binary stars with ephemerides on the Sixth Catalog of Orbits of Visual Binary Stars with the objective of corroborating the predictions on the Catalog. Our results show agreement with the predictions of separation (?), but found a slight difference with the predictions of position angle (?). Recent measurements reported in the Washington Double Star Catalog tend to agree with our observations. Title: Chemical ozone loss in the Arctic and Antarctic stratosphere between 1992 and 2005 Authors: Tilmes, Simone; Müller, Rolf; Engel, Andreas; Rex, Markus; Russell, James M. Affiliation: AA(Institute for Stratospheric Research (ICG-I), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany); AB(Institute for Stratospheric Research (ICG-I), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany); AC(Institute for Atmosphere and Environment, J. W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany); AD(Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany); AE(Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA) Publication: Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 33, Issue 20, CiteID L20812 Publication Date: 10/2006 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Evolution of the atmosphere (1610, 8125), Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: composition and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: energy deposition (3334) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2006GL026925 Bibliographic Code: 2006GeoRL..3320812T Abstract The magnitude of chemical loss of polar ozone induced by anthropogenic halogens depends on the extent of chlorine activation, which is controlled by polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and thus by temperature. We propose a new quantity, the PSC formation potential (PFP) of the polar vortex, suitable for comparing the amount of ozone depletion in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. PFP represents the fraction of the vortex, over an ozone loss season, exposed to PSC temperatures. Chemical ozone loss in the Arctic correlates well with PFP, for winters between 1991 and 2005. For Antarctic and cold Arctic winters, PFP has been increasing over the past 30 years. In winter 2005, PFP and ozone loss in the Arctic reached record highs, approaching Antarctic levels. Nevertheless, column ozone in spring in the Arctic is much larger than the Antarctic, because of larger dynamical resupply of ozone to the Arctic. Title: Magnetic particle hyperthermia: nanoparticle magnetism and materials development for cancer therapy Authors: Hergt, Rudolf; Dutz, Silvio; Müller, Robert; Zeisberger, Matthias Affiliation: Institut für Physikalische Hochtechnologie, D-07745 Publication: Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Volume 18, Issue 38, pp. S2919-S2934 (2006). Publication Date: 09/2006 Origin: IOP DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/38/S26 Bibliographic Code: 2006JPCM...18S2919H Abstract Loss processes in magnetic nanoparticles are discussed with respect to optimization of the specific loss power (SLP) for application in tumour hyperthermia. Several types of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles representative for different preparation methods (wet chemical precipitation, grinding, bacterial synthesis, magnetic size fractionation) are the subject of a comparative study of structural and magnetic properties. Since the specific loss power useful for hyperthermia is restricted by serious limitations of the alternating field amplitude and frequency, the effects of the latter are investigated experimentally in detail. The dependence of the SLP on the mean particle size is studied over a broad size range from superparamagnetic up to multidomain particles, and guidelines for achieving large SLP under the constraints valid for the field parameters are derived. Particles with the mean size of 18 nm having a narrow size distribution proved particularly useful. In particular, very high heating power may be delivered by bacterial magnetosomes, the best sample of which showed nearly 1 kW g-1 at 410 kHz and 10 kA m-1. This value may even be exceeded by metallic magnetic particles, as indicated by measurements on cobalt particles. Title: Nanocrystalline iron oxide and Ba ferrite particles in the superparamagnetism ferromagnetism transition range with ferrofluid applications Authors: Müller, Robert; Hergt, Rudolf; Dutz, Silvio; Zeisberger, Matthias; Gawalek, Wolfgang Affiliation: Institut für Physikalische Hochtechnologie, POB 100239, D-07702 Jena, Germany Publication: Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Volume 18, Issue 38, pp. S2527-S2542 (2006). Publication Date: 09/2006 Origin: IOP DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/38/S01 Bibliographic Code: 2006JPCM...18S2527M Abstract Magnetic fluids based on Ba hexaferrite as well as iron oxide particles with enhanced anisotropy barriers show heating effects in ac magnetic fields which may be useful in technical processes as well as medical applications (magnetic hyperthermia). Such particles also allow the detection of biological binding reactions through an enhanced Néel relaxation time above the Brown relaxation. The loss processes and the relaxation times depend strongly on the mean particle size and the size distribution width. To influence and improve the mean size as well as the size distribution, new approaches to the preparation are promising, where nucleation and growth of the particles can be influenced independently or where further growth is possible on small given particles without further nucleation. We used a glass crystallization method for preparation of nanocrystalline Ba hexaferrite as well as magnetic iron oxide and a cyclic growth method based on 'conventional' precipitation for iron oxide preparation. Properties of the powders prepared, as well as water based ferrofluids, were analysed using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and magnetic methods. Values of the specific loss power of the order of 100 W/g maghemite may be achieved with the option of further increase by improving the core size distribution. Title: Critique of the tracer-tracer correlation technique and its potential to analyze polar ozone loss in chemistry-climate models Authors: Lemmen, Carsten; Müller, Rolf; Konopka, Paul; Dameris, Martin Affiliation: AA(Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre I: Stratosphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany); AB(Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre I: Stratosphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany); AC(Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre I: Stratosphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany); AD(Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany) Publication: Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 111, Issue D18, CiteID D18307 Publication Date: 09/2006 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: constituent transport and chemistry (3334), Global Change: Atmosphere (0315, 0325), Atmospheric Processes: Global climate models (1626, 4928), Geographic Location: Arctic region (0718, 4207) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2006JD007298 Bibliographic Code: 2006JGRD..11118307L Abstract The tracer-tracer correlation technique (TRAC) has been widely employed to infer chemical ozone loss from observations. Yet, its applicability to chemistry-climate model (CCM) data is disputed. Here, we report the successful application of TRAC on the results of a CCM simulation. By comparing TRAC-calculated ozone loss to ozone loss derived with the passive ozone method in a chemistry transport model we differentiate effects of internal mixing and cross vortex boundary mixing on a TRAC reference correlation. As a test case, we consider results of a cold Arctic winter/spring episode from an E39/C experiment, where typical features, for example, sufficient polar stratospheric cloud formation potential, denitrification and dehydration, and intermittent and final stratospheric warming events, are simulated. We find that internal mixing does not impact the TRAC-derived reference correlation at all. Mixing across the vortex boundary would lead to an underestimation of ozone loss by ~10% when calculated with TRAC. We provide arguments that TRAC is a consistent and conservative method to derive chemical ozone loss and can be used to extract its chemical signature also from CCM simulations. As a consequence, we will be able to provide a lower bound for chemical ozone loss for model simulations where a passive ozone tracer is not available. Title: Planned infrared beamlines at the Metrology Light Source of PTB Authors: Müller, Ralph; Hoehl, Arne; Klein, Roman; Ulm, Gerhard; Schade, Ulrich; Holldack, Karsten; Wüstefeld, Godehard Affiliation: AA(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AB(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AC(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AD(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany), AE(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AF(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany), AG(Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H., Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany) Publication: Infrared Physics & Technology, Volume 49, Issue 1-2, p. 161-166. Publication Date: 09/2006 Origin: ELSEVIER Keywords: 29.20.Lq, 07.85.Qe, 42.72.Ai, 07.57.Hm Abstract Copyright: Elsevier B.V. DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2006.01.024 Bibliographic Code: 2006InPhT..49..161M Abstract We present first concepts for obtaining infrared synchrotron radiation at the Metrology Light Source (MLS), the new low-energy electron storage ring of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), the German national metrology institute. The MLS is designed in close cooperation with BESSY and will be located adjacent to the BESSY II facility in Berlin. PTB will use the MLS as a dedicated facility for radiometry and photon metrology in the UV and VUV range and as a primary source standard in the VIS/UV and VUV. Furthermore, synchrotron radiation in the IR range will be used. In order to produce coherent synchrotron radiation in the FIR/THz region provision is taken to operate the MLS in a low-alpha machine optics mode. The present design of the three planned infrared beamlines described here will take advantage of the high brightness, the high flux, and the broadband behavior of the synchrotron radiation source. Title: Severe ozone depletion in the cold Arctic winter 2004-05 Authors: von Hobe, M.; Ulanovsky, A.; Volk, C. M.; Grooß, J.-U.; Tilmes, S.; Konopka, P.; Günther, G.; Werner, A.; Spelten, N.; Shur, G.; Yushkov, V.; Ravegnani, F.; Schiller, C.; Müller, R.; Stroh, F. Affiliation: AA(Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre I: Stratosphäre (ICG-I), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AB(Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Moscow, Russia); AC(Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt, J.-W. Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany); AD(Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre I: Stratosphäre (ICG-I), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AE(National Center of Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA); AF(Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre I: Stratosphäre (ICG-I), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AG(Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre I: Stratosphäre (ICG-I), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AH(Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt, J.-W. Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany); AI(Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre I: Stratosphäre (ICG-I), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AJ(Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Moscow, Russia); AK(Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Moscow, Russia); AL(Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, Italy); AM(Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre I: Stratosphäre (ICG-I), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AN(Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre I: Stratosphäre (ICG-I), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AO(Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre I: Stratosphäre (ICG-I), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany) Publication: Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 33, Issue 17, CiteID L17815 Publication Date: 09/2006 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: composition and chemistry, Global Change: Atmosphere (0315, 0325), Global Change: Impacts of global change (1225), Atmospheric Processes: Middle atmosphere dynamics (0341, 0342), Atmospheric Processes: Polar meteorology Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2006GL026945 Bibliographic Code: 2006GeoRL..3317815V Abstract During a flight of the M55 Geophysica into the Arctic polar vortex on 7 March 2005, ozone, halogen species, tracers and water vapor were measured. Up to 90% chlorine activation and up to 60% ozone loss were found above 14 km, reflecting the low temperatures and extensive PSC formation prevalent in the Arctic stratosphere over the 2004/05 winter. Observations are generally well reproduced by CLaMS model simulations. The observed levels of active chlorine can only be reproduced by assuming significant denitrification of about 70%. Moderate dehydration up to 0.5 ppm is observed in some locations. We deduce a partial column ozone loss of 62 (+8/-17) DU below 19 km on 7 March. Title: Assessment of murine bone ultrastructure using synchrotron light: towards nano-computed tomography Authors: Schneider, Philipp; Voide, Romain; Stauber, Martin; Stampanoni, Marco; Donahue, Leah Rae; Wyss, Peter; Sennhauser, Urs; Müller, Ralph Affiliation: AA(ETH Zürich (Switzerland)), AB(ETH Zürich (Switzerland)), AC(ETH Zürich (Switzerland)), AD(Paul Scherrer Institut (Switzerland)), AE(The Jackson Lab. (USA)), AF(Swiss Federal Labs. for Material Testing and Research (Switzerland)), AG(Swiss Federal Labs. for Material Testing and Research (Switzerland)), AH(ETH Zürich (Switzerland)) Publication: Developments in X-Ray Tomography V. Edited by Bonse, Ulrich. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 6318, pp. 63180C (2006). Publication Date: 08/2006 Origin: SPIE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. DOI: 10.1117/12.679427 Bibliographic Code: 2006SPIE.6318E..11S Abstract To describe the different aspects of bone quality, we follow a hierarchical approach and assess bone tissue properties in different regimes of spatial resolution, beginning at the organ level and going down to cellular dimensions. For these purposes we developed different synchrotron radiation (SR) based computed-tomography (CT) methods to assess murine bone ultrastructure. In a first step, a tubular system and the osteocyte lacunar system within murine cortical bone have been established as novel ultrastructural quantitative traits. Results in two mouse strains showed that morphometry of these quantitative traits was dependent on strain and partially on gender, and that their scaling behavior with bone size was fundamentally different. In a second step, we explored bone competence on an ultrastructural level and related our findings to the two ultrastructural quantitative traits introduced before. We showed that SR CT imaging is a powerful tool to investigate the initiation and propagation of microcracks, which may alter bone quality and may lead to increased fracture risk by means of microdamage accumulation. In summary, investigation of ultrastructural bone tissue properties will eventually lead to a better understanding of bone quality and its relative contribution to bone competence. Title: Optimized effective potential from a correlated wave function: Optimized effective potential-generalized valence bond (OEP-GVB) Authors: Muller, Richard P.; Desjarlais, Michael P. Affiliation: Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1110 Publication: Journal of Chemical Physics, Volume 125, Issue 5, pp. 054101-054101-5 (2006). Publication Date: 08/2006 Origin: AIP Keywords: hydrogen neutral molecules, helium neutral atoms, VB calculations, orbital calculations, HF calculations, density functional theory, configuration interactions, dissociation, reaction kinetics theory, excited states Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.2216701 Bibliographic Code: 2006JChPh.125e4101M Abstract The optimized effective potential (OEP) method allows orbital-dependent functionals to be used in density functional theory. Traditionally the orbital-dependent functional of interest has been the Hartree-Fock energy, leading to exact exchange density functional theory. Here we present results that use a generalized valence-bond (GVB) wave function, a multiconfigurational wave function that includes static correlation and dissociates to the proper limits. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the OEP-GVB method by showing the dissociation of H2 and the excitation spectrum of He. Title: Chemical ozone loss in a chemistry-climate model from 1960 to 1999 Authors: Lemmen, Carsten; Dameris, Martin; Müller, Rolf; Riese, Martin Affiliation: AA(Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre (ICG-I, Stratosphäre), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany); AB(Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany); AC(Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre (ICG-I, Stratosphäre), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany); AD(Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre (ICG-I, Stratosphäre), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany) Publication: Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 33, Issue 15, CiteID L15820 Publication Date: 08/2006 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: constituent transport and chemistry (3334), Atmospheric Processes: Climate change and variability (1616, 1635, 3309, 4215, 4513), Atmospheric Processes: Global climate models (1626, 4928), Geographic Location: Antarctica (4207), Computational Geophysics: Model verification and validation Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2006GL026939 Bibliographic Code: 2006GeoRL..3315820L Abstract In the recent WMO assessment of ozone depletion, the minimum ozone column is used to assess the evolution of the polar ozone layer simulated in several chemistry-climate models (CCMs). The ozone column may be strongly influenced by changes in transport and is therefore not well-suited to identify changes in chemistry. The quantification of chemical ozone depletion can be achieved with tracer-tracer correlations (TRAC). For forty Antarctic winters (1960-1999), we present the seasonal chemical depletion simulated with the ECHAM4.L39(DLR)/CHEM model. Analyzing methane-ozone correlations, we find a mean chemical ozone loss of 80 +/- 10 DU during the 1990s, with a maximum of 94 DU. Compared to ozone loss deduced from HALOE measurements the model underestimates chemical loss by 37%. The average multidecadal trend in loss from 1960 to 1999 is 17 +/- 3 DU per decade. The largest contribution to this trend comes from the 62 +/- 11 DU ozone loss increase between the 1970s and 1990s. Title: Australian absolute plate motions, reorganisations and LIPS in a mantle framework since the Jurassic Authors: Müller, R. D.; Torsvik, T. H. Affiliation: AA(School of Geosciences, Build. H11, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia), AB(Norwegian Geological Survey, Center for Geodynamics, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway) Publication: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Volume 70, Issue 18, p. A435-A435. Publication Date: 08/2006 Origin: ELSEVIER Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.874 Bibliographic Code: 2006GeCAS..70R.435M Abstract Not Available Title: Use of Seviri Data for AN Operational Cmsaf Surface Radiation Budget Processing and its Validation Authors: Hollmann, R.; M{\"{u}}ller, R. W. Publication: Proceedings of the 3rd MSG RAO Workshop (ESA SP-619). 15 June 2006, Helsinki, Finland. Editor: D. Danessy, p.31 Publication Date: 08/2006 Origin: ADS Bibliographic Code: 2006ESASP.619...31H Abstract Since January 2005, the SAF on Climate Monitoring (CM-SAF, http://www.cmsaf.dwd.de) derives operationally consistent cloud and radiation parameters in high spatial resolution for an area that covers Europe and part of the North-Atlantic. The cloud and surface radiation products are based on data from the polar orbiting satellites NOAA (and in future METOP) for the northern latitudes. Starting in September 2005 data from MSG (METEOSAT-8) for mid latitudes are used as well for the calculation of the surface radiation budget, deriving short- and longwave fluxes, as well as for the calculation of its budgets. To monitor and investigate the quality of the CM-SAF datasets high quality surface radiation budget measurements from different climates zones are used. The comparison shows a very good agreement on the monthly time scale with very little biases in general. However, regional differences especially for heterogeneous terrain are observable and will be discussed. Title: Understanding the kinetics of the ClO dimer cycle Authors: von Hobe, M.; Salawitch, R. J.; Canty, T.; Keller-Rudek, H.; Moortgat, G. K.; Grooß, J.-U.; Müller, R.; Stroh, F. Affiliation: AA(Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere (ICG-I), Jülich, Germany), AB(Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA), AC(Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA), AD(Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Mainz, Germany), AE(Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Mainz, Germany), AF(Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere (ICG-I), Jülich, Germany), AG(Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere (ICG-I), Jülich, Germany), AH(Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere (ICG-I), Jülich, Germany) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Volume 6, Issue 4, 2006, pp.7905-7944 Publication Date: 08/2006 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2006ACPD....6.7905V Abstract Among the major factors controlling ozone loss in the polar winter is the kinetics of the ClO dimer catalytic cycle. The most important issues are the thermal equilibrium between ClO and Cl2O2, the rate of Cl2O2 formation, and the Cl2O2 photolysis rate. All these issues have been addressed in a large number of laboratory, field and theoretical studies, but large discrepancies between individual results exist and a self-consistent set of parameters compatible with field observations of ClO and Cl2O2 has not been identified. Here, we use thermodynamic calculations and unimolecular rate theory to constrain the ClO/Cl2O2 equilibrium constant and the rate constants for Cl2O2 formation and dissociation. This information is used together with available atmospheric data to examine Cl2O2 photolysis rates based on different Cl2O2 absorption cross sections. Good overall consistency is achieved using a ClO/Cl2O2 equilibrium constant recently suggested by Plenge et al. (2005), the Cl2O2 recombination rate constant reported by Nickolaisen et al. (1994) and Cl2O2 photolysis rates based on averaged absorption cross sections that are roughly intermediate between the JPL 2002 assessment and a laboratory study by Burkholder et al. (1990). Title: Dehydration in the northern hemisphere mid-latitude tropopause region observed during STREAM 1998 Authors: Khosrawi, Farahnaz; Müller, Rolf; Beuermann, Jürgen; Konopka, Paul; Schiller, Cornelius Affiliation: AA(ICG-I:Stratosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany; MISU/ITM, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden), AB(ICG-I:Stratosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany), AC(ICG-I:Stratosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany), AD(ICG-I:Stratosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany), AE(ICG-I:Stratosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany) Publication: Tellus B, Volume 58, Issue 3, pp. 206-217. Publication Date: 07/2006 Origin: TellB Abstract Copyright: (c) Blackwell Munksgaard, 2006 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00182.x Bibliographic Code: 2006TellB..58..206K Abstract Measurements in the vicinity of the polar jet stream during the STREAM 1998 campaign in Timmins, Canada, show that during the flight on 15 July, a deep intrusion of stratospheric air into the troposphere occurred. At the edge of the deep intrusion dehydration was observed. The dehydration can be identified in tracer-tracer correlations of H2O and O3 and by the comparison of these correlations with correlations of H2O and O3 derived from two other flights of the STREAM 1998 campaign. Trajectories, calculated backwards for 10 days starting at each point of the measurement for the flight on 15 July, show that the saturation ratios required for homogeneous freezing are reached. However, box model simulations along the trajectories indicate no substantial growth of H2SO4/H2O particles due to H2O uptake. Since ice nuclei were not measured during the campaign, it cannot be precisely determined which freezing process, heterogeneous or homogeneous, is responsible for the formation of the ice particles. Most likely, both processes were involved in the formation of ice particles that led to the observed dehydration on 15 July 1998. Title: It's alive! Performance and control of prototype Starbug actuators Authors: Haynes, Roger; McGrath, Andrew; Brzeski, Jurek; Correll, David; Frost, Gabriella; Gillingham, Peter; Miziarski, Stan; Muller, Rolf; Smedley, Scott Affiliation: AA(Anglo Australian Observatory (Australia)), AB(Anglo Australian Observatory (Australia)), AC(Anglo Australian Observatory (Australia)), AD(Anglo Australian Observatory (Australia)), AE(Anglo Australian Observatory (Australia)), AF(Anglo Australian Observatory (Australia)), AG(Anglo Australian Observatory (Australia)), AH(Anglo Australian Observatory (Australia)), AI(Anglo Australian Observatory (Australia)) Publication: Optomechanical Technologies for Astronomy. Edited by Atad-Ettedgui, Eli; Antebi, Joseph; Lemke, Dietrich. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 6273, pp. 62731V (2006). Publication Date: 07/2006 Origin: SPIE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. DOI: 10.1117/12.670982 Bibliographic Code: 2006SPIE.6273E..56H Abstract As part of the Starbug development, a range of actuator technologies have been prototyped and trialled in the quest to develop this novel focal plane positioning system. The Starbug concept is a robotic positioning system that deploys multiple payloads, such as pickoff optics, optical fibres and other possible devices to micron level accuracy over a flat or curved focal plane. The development is aimed at addressing some of the limitations of other positioning systems to provide a reliable, cost effective way of positioning multiple payloads in ambient and cryogenic environments. In this paper we identify the specification and required characteristics of the micro-robotic actuators as applied to the MOMSI instrument concept, present descriptions of some of the prototypes along with the results from characterisation and performance tests. These tests were undertaken at various orientations and temperatures as well as using different actuator concepts. Title: Homogeneity of the linear thermal expansion coefficient of ZERODUR measured with improved accuracy Authors: Jedamzik, Ralf; Müller, Rolf; Hartmann, Peter Affiliation: AA(Schott AG (Germany)), AB(Schott AG (Germany)), AC(Schott AG (Germany)) Publication: Optomechanical Technologies for Astronomy. Edited by Atad-Ettedgui, Eli; Antebi, Joseph; Lemke, Dietrich. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 6273, pp. 627306 (2006). Publication Date: 07/2006 Origin: SPIE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. DOI: 10.1117/12.669210 Bibliographic Code: 2006SPIE.6273E...5J Abstract For future extremely large telescope projects like OWL or TMT with at least several hundreds of mirror blanks the homogeneity of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CTE) within a single blank is an important issue. The telescope designers are not only interested in the global CTE homogeneity but also in measuring the axial CTE gradient to the highest precision. It has been proven in the past in many projects like GTC and Keck that ZERODUR(r) itself is a material of highest homogeneity even in large dimensions and huge quantities. About 95.5% of all 2m class mirror segments of all projects exhibit a peak to valley homogeneity of better than 0.015*10-6K-1. The actual homogeneity of the material is even better because the results so far are largely influenced by the restrictions of the CTE measurement repeatability in the past. This paper introduces an advanced method for the measurement of the CTE of ZERODUR(r) exhibiting a significantly improved reproducibility. The dilatometer setup was especially optimized to cope with the demand of highly accurate homogeneity measurements of 2 m class ZERODUR(r) segments for giant astronomical telescopes. Detailed measurement results out of a single 1.5 m class ZERODUR(r) segment based on the current state of production will be shown. The results show CTE distributions in radial, angular and axial direction. SCHOTT has already improved the production capacity for ZERODUR(r) immensely, thereby the results represent the current status of quality of the available mass production facilities at SCHOTT. Title: Fabrication and characteristics of free-standing shaped pupil masks for TPF-coronagraph Authors: Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; Echternach, Pierre M.; Dickie, Matthew R.; Muller, Richard E.; White, Victor E.; Hoppe, Daniel J.; Shaklan, Stuart B.; Belikov, Ruslan; Kasdin, N. Jeremy; Vanderbei, Robert J.; Ceperley, Daniel; Neureuther, Andrew R. Affiliation: AA(Jet Propulsion Lab., California Institute of Technology (USA)), AB(Jet Propulsion Lab., California Institute of Technology (USA)), AC(Jet Propulsion Lab., California Institute of Technology (USA)), AD(Jet Propulsion Lab., California Institute of Technology (USA)), AE(Jet Propulsion Lab., California Institute of Technology (USA)), AF(Jet Propulsion Lab., California Institute of Technology (USA)), AG(Jet Propulsion Lab., California Institute of Technology (USA)), AH(Princeton Univ. (USA)), AI(Princeton Univ. (USA)), AJ(Princeton Univ. (USA)), AK(Univ. of California, Berkeley (USA)), AL(Univ. of California, Berkeley (USA)) Publication: Space Telescopes and Instrumentation I: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter. Edited by Mather, John C.; MacEwen, Howard A.; de Graauw, Mattheus W. M.. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 6265, pp. 62653N (2006). Publication Date: 07/2006 Origin: SPIE Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. DOI: 10.1117/12.673251 Bibliographic Code: 2006SPIE.6265E.110B Abstract Direct imaging and characterization of exo-solar terrestrial planets require coronagraphic instruments capable of suppressing star light to 10-10. Pupil shaping masks have been proposed and designed1 at Princeton University to accomplish such a goal. Based on Princeton designs, free standing (without a substrate) silicon masks have been fabricated with lithographic and deep etching techniques. In this paper, we discuss the fabrication of such masks and present their physical and optical characteristics in relevance to their performance over the visible to near IR bandwidth. Title: Analytic bond-order potential for atomistic simulations of zinc oxide Authors: Erhart, Paul; Juslin, Niklas; Goy, Oliver; Nordlund, Kai; Müller, Ralf; Albe, Karsten Affiliation: AA(Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraße 23, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany ), AB(Accelerator Laboratory, University of Helsinki, PO Box 43, FIN-00014, Finland ), AC(Fachbereich Bauingenieurwesen und Geodäsie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 1, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany ), AD(Accelerator Laboratory, University of Helsinki, PO Box 43, FIN-00014, Finland ), AE(Fachbereich Bauingenieurwesen und Geodäsie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 1, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany ), AF(Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraße 23, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany ) Publication: Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Volume 18, Issue 29, pp. 6585-6605 (2006). Publication Date: 07/2006 Origin: IOP DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/29/003 Bibliographic Code: 2006JPCM...18.6585E Abstract An interatomic potential for zinc oxide and its elemental constituents is derived based on an analytical bond-order formalism. The model potential provides a good description of the bulk properties of various solid structures of zinc oxide including cohesive energies, lattice parameters, and elastic constants. For the pure elements zinc and oxygen the energetics and structural parameters of a variety of bulk phases and in the case of oxygen also molecular structures are reproduced. The dependence of thermal and point defect properties on the cutoff parameters is discussed. As exemplary applications the irradiation of bulk zinc oxide and the elastic response of individual nanorods are studied. Title: Ultrafast dynamics of surface plasmon polaritons in plasmonic metamaterials Authors: Ropers, C.; Stibenz, G.; Steinmeyer, G.; Müller, R.; Park, D. J.; Lee, K. G.; Kihm, J. E.; Kim, J.; Park, Q. H.; Kim, D. S.; Lienau, C. Affiliation: AA(Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie), AB(Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie), AC(Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie), AD(Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie), AE(School of Physics, Seoul National University), AF(School of Physics, Seoul National University), AG(School of Physics, Seoul National University), AH(Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science), AI(Department of Physics, Korea University), AJ(School of Physics, Seoul National University), AK(Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie) Publication: Applied Physics B, Volume 84, Issue 1-2, pp. 183-189 Publication Date: 07/2006 Origin: SPRINGER Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: Springer-Verlag DOI: 10.1007/s00340-006-2191-4 Bibliographic Code: 2006ApPhB..84..183R Abstract Using near-field scanning optical microscopy and ultrafast laser spectroscopy, we study the linear optical properties of subwavelength nanoslit and nanohole arrays in metal films, which are prototype structures for novel plasmonic metamaterials. Near-field microscopy provides direct evidence for surface plasmon polariton (SPP) excitation and allows for spatial imaging of the corresponding SPP modes. By employing spectral interferometry with ultrashort 11-fs light pulses, we directly reconstruct the temporal structure of the electric field of these pulses as they are transmitted through the metallic nanostructures. The analysis of these data allows for a quantitative extraction of the plasmonic band structure and the radiative damping of the corresponding SPP modes. Clear evidence for plasmonic band gap formation is given. Our results reveal that the coherent coupling between different SPP modes can result in a pronounced suppression of radiative SPP damping, increasing the SPP lifetime from 30 fs to more than 200 fs. These findings are relevant for optimizing and manipulating the optical properties of novel nano-plasmonic devices. Title: The potential impact of ClOx radical complexes on polar stratospheric ozone loss processes Authors: Vogel, B.; Feng, W.; Streibel, M.; Müller, R. Affiliation: AA(Research Centre Jülich, Institute for Stratospheric Research (ICG-I), Jülich, Germany Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK), AC(Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Potsdam, Germany; European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK), AD(Research Centre Jülich, Institute for Stratospheric Research (ICG-I), Jülich, Germany) Publication: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 6, Issue 10, 2006, pp.3099-3114 Publication Date: 07/2006 Origin: COPERNICUS Bibliographic Code: 2006ACP.....6.3099V Abstract The importance of radical-molecule complexes for atmospheric chemistry has been discussed in recent years. In particular, the existence of a ClO·O2 and ClOx water radical complexes like ClO·H2O, OClO·H2O, OClO·(H2O)2, and ClOO·H2O could play a role in enhancing the ClO dimer (Cl2O2) formation and therefore may constitute an important intermediate in polar stratospheric ozone loss cycles. Model simulations performed with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) will be presented to study the role of radical complexes on polar stratospheric ozone loss processes. The model simulations are performed for the Arctic winter 2002/2003 at a level of 500 K potential temperature and the results are compared to observed ozone loss rates determined by the Match technique. Moreover, recently reported values for the equilibrium constant of the ClO dimer formation are used to restrict the number of possible model results caused by large uncertainties about radical complex chemistry. Our model simulations show that the potential impact of ClO·O2 on polar ozone loss processes is small (dO3/dt≪0.5 ppb/sunlight h) provided that the ClO·O2 complex is only weakly stable. Assuming that the binding energies of the ClOx water complexes are much higher than theoretically predicted an enhancement of the ozone loss rate by up to ≈0.5 ppb/sunlight h is simulated. Because it is unlikely that the ClOx water complexes are much more stable than predicted we conclude that these complexes have no impact on polar stratospheric ozone loss processes. Although large uncertainties about radical complex chemistry exist, our findings show that the potential impact of ClOx radical molecule complexes on polar stratospheric ozone loss processes is very small considering pure gas-phase chemistry. However the existence of ClOx radical-molecule complexes could possibly explain discrepancies for the equilibrium constant of the ClO dimer formation found between recent laboratory and stratospheric measurements. Title: Monthly averages of nitrous oxide and ozone for the Northern and Southern Hemisphere high latitudes: A ``1-year climatology'' derived from ILAS/ILAS-II observations Authors: Khosrawi, F.; Müller, R.; Proffitt, M. H.; Nakajima, H. Affiliation: AA(Department of Applied Environmental Science/Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden); AB(ICG-I: Stratosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany); AC(Proffitt Instruments Inc., Austin, Texas, USA); AD(National Institute of Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan) Publication: Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 111, Issue D11, CiteID D11S11 Publication Date: 06/2006 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: composition and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: constituent transport and chemistry (3334), Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: constituent transport and chemistry Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2005JD006384 Bibliographic Code: 2006JGRD..11111S11K Abstract Correlations of ozone (O3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) have been suggested as a tool for validating photochemical models and as a reference for estimating high-latitude ozone loss. However, so far no analysis of ozone-tracer relations is available that provides a good temporal coverage during all months. Here we combine measurements from the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometers (ILAS/ILAS-II) to derive an O3/N2O climatology for the high-latitude regions in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere for each month of the year, thus providing a complete seasonal cycle. ILAS and ILAS-II operated on board the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS/ADEOS-II), and both instruments use the solar occultation technique. ILAS operated for 8 months in 1996/1997, and ILAS-II operated for 7 months in 2003. The ILAS-II measurements cover the months that are not available from ILAS. The ILAS/ILAS-II correlations of ozone versus nitrous oxide are organized monthly in both hemispheres by partitioning these data into equal bins of altitude or potential temperature. The resulting families of curves allow separation of ozone changes due to photochemistry from those due to transport. The combined ILAS/ILAS-II data set corroborates earlier findings that the families of O3/N2O curves are separated and generally do not cross and further that the separation is much clearer for the potential temperature binning than for the altitude binning. The much clearer separation for the potential temperature binning is due to transport being predominantly isentropic. Thus these curves are particularly suitable for the validation of photochemical models. The seasonal cycle of O3/N2O distributions in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere high latitudes is found to be rather different. In the Southern Hemisphere, O3/N2O distributions are influenced by the strong chemical ozone loss in the Antarctic vortex and by a much longer duration of the polar vortex. In the Northern Hemisphere, diabatic descent is much more pronounced. Solely during the setup phase of the polar vortex the N2O/O3 distributions in the two hemispheres are rather similar. Title: Nonvolatile Cu/CuTCNQ/Al memory prepared by current controlled oxidation of a Cu anode in LiTCNQ saturated acetonitrile Authors: Müller, R.; Genoe, J.; Heremans, P. Affiliation: IMEC v.z.w., Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Publication: Applied Physics Letters, Volume 88, Issue 24, id. 242105 (3 pages) (2006). Publication Date: 06/2006 Origin: AIP Keywords: aluminium, copper, organic semiconductors, semiconductor thin films, anodes, oxidation, semiconductor storage Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.2213971 Bibliographic Code: 2006ApPhL..88x2105M Abstract In this letter we propose a preparation method of the metal organic charge transfer complex Cu-tetracyanoquinodimethane (CuTCNQ) for use in nonvolatile organic memories. The method, consisting in current controlled oxidation of a Cu electrode in LiTCNQ saturated acetonitrile, is attractive because CuTCNQ growth is limited strictly to anodically polarized Cu metal, and because of material and solvent compatibilities with the requirements of the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) copper back end-of-line process. Crossbar memories of this CuTCNQ exhibit superior performance compared to corresponding devices prepared by the standard method, which we attribute to a higher compactness of the CuTCNQ layer. Title: Chemical ozone loss and related processes in the Antarctic winter 2003 based on Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS)-II observations Authors: Tilmes, Simone; Müller, Rolf; Grooß, Jens-Uwe; Spang, Reinhold; Sugita, Takafumi; Nakajima, Hideaki; Sasano, Yasuhiro Affiliation: AA(Institute of Stratospheric Research, Jülich, Germany); AB(Institute of Stratospheric Research, Jülich, Germany); AC(Institute of Stratospheric Research, Jülich, Germany); AD(Institute of Stratospheric Research, Jülich, Germany); AE(Atmospheric Environment Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan); AF(Atmospheric Environment Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan); AG(Atmospheric Environment Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan) Publication: Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 111, Issue D11, CiteID D11S12 Publication Date: 05/2006 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: composition and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: constituent transport and chemistry (3334), Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Evolution of the atmosphere (1610, 8125) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2005JD006260 Bibliographic Code: 2006JGRD..11111S12T Abstract In this study, ILAS-II (Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer) measurements were used to analyze chemical ozone loss during the entire Antarctic winter 2003, using the tracer-tracer correlation technique. The temporal evolution of both the accumulated local chemical ozone loss and the loss in column ozone in the lower stratosphere is in step with increasing solar illumination. Half of the entire loss in column ozone of 157 DU occurred during September 2003. By the end of September 2003, almost the total amount of ozone was destroyed between 380 and 470 K. Further, ozone loss rates increased strongly during September for the entire lower stratosphere. The values of accumulated ozone loss and ozone loss rates are strongly dependent on altitude. Once ozone loss is saturated during September, especially at latitudes between 380 and 420 K, ozone loss rates decrease, and accumulated ozone loss can no longer increase. Moreover, at altitudes above 470 K, accumulated ozone loss depends on the amount of PSCs occurring during winter and spring. During September, ozone mixing ratios show a large day to day variation. Box model simulations by the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) show that this is a result of the different histories of the observed air masses. Further, the box model supports the general evolution of ozone loss values during September as a result of the strong increase of halogen catalyzed ozone destruction. Title: Accuracy analysis for DSM and orthoimages derived from SPOT HRS stereo data using direct georeferencing Authors: Reinartz, Peter; Müller, Rupert; Lehner, Manfred; Schroeder, Manfred Publication: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, v. 60, iss. 3, p. 160-169. Publication Date: 05/2006 Origin: ELSEVIER DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2005.12.003 Bibliographic Code: 2006IJPRS..60..160R Abstract Not Available Title: Self-aligned surface treatment for thin-film organic transistors Authors: Myny, Kris; de Vusser, Stijn; Steudel, Soeren; Janssen, Dimitri; Müller, Robert; de Jonge, Stijn; Verlaak, Stijn; Genoe, Jan; Heremans, Paul Affiliation: IMEC, Polymer and Molecular Electronics, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Publication: Applied Physics Letters, Volume 88, Issue 22, id. 222103 (3 pages) (2006). Publication Date: 05/2006 Origin: AIP Keywords: thin film transistors, surface treatment, organic semiconductors, self-assembly, conducting polymers Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.2207846 Bibliographic Code: 2006ApPhL..88v2103M Abstract For organic thin-film transistors where source-drain contacts are defined on the gate dielectric prior to the deposition of the semiconductor (``bottom-contact'' configuration), the gate dielectric is often treated with a self-assembled molecular monolayer prior to deposition of the organic semiconductor. In this letter, we describe a method to apply an ultrathin solution-processed polymer layer as surface treatment. Our method is compatible with the use of the bottom-contact configuration, despite the fact that the polymeric surface treatment does not stand a photolithographic step. Furthermore, we show that our surface treatment results in superior transistor performance. Title: Phase contrast tomography: An alternative approach Authors: Groso, A.; Stampanoni, M.; Abela, R.; Schneider, P.; Linga, S.; Müller, R. Affiliation: AA(Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland), AB(Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland), AC(Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland), AD(Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland), AE(Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland), AF(Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland) Publication: Applied Physics Letters, Volume 88, Issue 21, id. 214104 (3 pages) (2006). Publication Date: 05/2006 Origin: AIP Keywords: computerised tomography, diagnostic radiography, absorption coefficients, refractive index, image reconstruction, medical image processing, image resolution Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.2207221 Bibliographic Code: 2006ApPhL..88u4104G Abstract Conventional microtomography is widely used for reconstructing the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the absorption coefficient of a sample from a set of radiographic projections. The question here is whether the 3D distribution of the phase (refractive index) of a weakly absorbing object can be, alternatively to the combined phase retrieval-backprojection methods presented up to now, directly reconstructed from a single tomographic data set. In this letter a solution to this problem based on a direct filtered backprojection approach, derived from the transport of intensity equation, is investigated numerically and experimentally for monochromatic and polychromatic x rays. The results show that the contrast is increased, while keeping dose minimal and spatial resolution equivalent to the conventional absorption based technique. This method is therefore very promising for imaging of biological specimens. Title: Reconstructions of subducted ocean floor along the Andes: a framework for assessing Magmatic and Ore Deposit History Authors: Sdrolias, M.; Müller, R. Affiliation: AA(University of Sydney, School of Geosciences Building H11 University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 AB(University of Sydney, School of Geosciences Building H11 University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, abstract \#U43A-01 Publication Date: 05/2006 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 8155 Plate motions: general (3040), 8157 Plate motions: past (3040), 8178 Tectonics and magmatism Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2006AGUSM.U43A..01S Abstract The South American-Antarctic margin has been characterised by numerous episodes of volcanic arc activity and ore deposit formation throughout much of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Although its Cenozoic subduction history is relatively well known, placing the Mesozoic arc-related volcanics and the emplacement of ore bodies in their plate tectonic context remains poorly constrained. We use a merged moving hotspot (Late Cretaceous- present) and palaeomagnetic /fixed hotspot (Early Cretaceous) reference frame, coupled with reconstructed spreading histories of the Pacific, Phoenix and Farallon plates to understand the convergence history of the South American and Antarctic margins. We compute the age-area distribution of oceanic lithosphere through time, including subducting oceanic lithosphere and estimate convergence rates along the margin. Additionally, we map the location and migration of spreading ridges along the margin and relate this to processes on the overriding plate. The South American-Antarctic margin in the late Jurassic-early Cretaceous was dominated by rapid convergence, the subduction of relatively young oceanic lithosphere (< 35 m.y. old) and extensive arc volcanism on the overriding plate. Additionally, our reconstructed position of the Farallon-Phoenix ridge during this period corresponds with the emplacement of several ore bodies in southern South America, similar to formation of Miocene to recent ore deposits in the northern Andes due to aseismic ridge subduction. A change in absolute motion of the Pacific plate after ~120 Ma, led to a significant decrease in the convergence rate and the southward migration of the Farallon-Phoenix ridge and this may have contributed to the cessation of back- arc spreading in the "Rocas Verdes" in southern South America. The speed of subduction increased again along the South American-Antarctic margin at ~105 Ma after another change in tectonic regime. Newly created crust from the Farallon-Phoenix ridge continued to be subducted along southern South America until the cessation of the Farallon-Phoenix ridge in the latest Cretaceous / beginning of the Cenozoic. The age of the subducting oceanic lithosphere along the South American-Antarctic margin has increased steadily through time. Title: Multidecadal (1960--1999) chemical ozone loss in the Antarctic polar vortex inferred from tracer-tracer correlations and the chemistry-climate model E39C Authors: Lemmen, C.; Müller, R.; Dameris, M. Affiliation: AA(Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre (ICG-I, Stratosphäre), Wilhelm-Johnen Straß e, Jülich, 52425 AB(Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre (ICG-I, Stratosphäre), Wilhelm-Johnen Straß e, Jülich, 52425 Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Postfach 1116, Weß ling, 82230 Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, abstract \#A33B-03 Publication Date: 05/2006 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: 0341 Middle atmosphere: constituent transport and chemistry (3334), 0550 Model verification and validation, 1610 Atmosphere (0315, 0325), 3337 Global climate models (1626, 4928) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Geophysical Union Bibliographic Code: 2006AGUSM.A33B..03L Abstract In the recent WMO assessment of ozone depletion, the minimum polar ozone column is used to assess the evolution of the polar ozone layer simulated in a variety of chemistry-climate models (CCMs). The total or stratospheric ozone column may, however, be strongly influenced by changes in transport and is therefore not well-suited to identify changes in the chemical regime. The quantification of chemical ozone depletion can be achieved with tracer-tracer correlations (TRAC). High numerical diffusion or a weaker than observed polar vortex transport barrier in a CCM are problematic for the TRAC technique: Even if TRAC is applicable mixing may lead to consistent underestimation of chemical ozone loss. For fourty Antarctic winters (1960--1999), we present the seasonal chemical ozone depletion simulated with ECHAM4.L39(DLR)/CHEM and analyzed with methane-ozone correlations. We discuss the evolution of CCM-simulated chemical ozone destruction and the quality of the TRAC-derived chemical signal in the context of published observations and CTM modeling studies. Title: Organic CuTCNQ non-volatile memories for integration in the CMOS backend-of-line: Preparation from gas/solid reaction and downscaling to an area of 0.25mum2 Authors: Muller, R.; Dejonge, S.; Myny, K.; Wouters, D.; Genoe, J.; Heremans, P. Publication: Solid-State Electronics, vol. 50, issue 4, pp. 601-605 Publication Date: 04/2006 Origin: CROSSREF DOI: 10.1016/j.sse.2006.03.032 Bibliographic Code: 2006SSEle..50..601M Abstract Not Available Title: Characterization of detectors for extreme UV radiation Authors: Scholze, F.; Klein, R.; Müller, R. Affiliation: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße Publication: Metrologia, Volume 43, Issue 2, pp. S6-S10 (2006). Publication Date: 04/2006 Origin: IOP DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/43/2/S02 Bibliographic Code: 2006Metro..43S...6S Abstract Accurate measurements of the radiant power and other quantities are a prerequisite for the development and optimization of suitable radiation sources for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. Photodiodes are established as easy-to-operate detectors also in the EUV range. The calibrations at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt are based on the comparison of the detector to be calibrated with the cryogenic electrical substitution radiometer as a primary detector standard using monochromatized synchrotron radiation at the soft x-ray radiometry beamline in the spectral range from 1 nm up to 25 nm. The spectral responsivity is measured with a relative uncertainty of 0.3% or better. For the dissemination of these high-accuracy calibrations, we investigated the stability and linearity of silicon n-on-p junction photodiodes under intense EUV irradiation in ultra-high vacuum. The maximum current in linear operation (1% relative saturation) depends on the size of the photon beam and ranges from about 3 mA for a 6 mm photon beam diameter to 0.2 mA for a 0.25 mm diameter spot. Diodes with diamond-like carbon or a TiSiN top layer proved to be stable up to a radiant exposure of about 100 kJ cm-2. Furthermore, examples of the calibration of spectrally and spatially resolving radiometric tools for EUV-source characterization are presented. Title: Optimization of KOH etching parameters for quantitative defect recognition in n- and p-type doped SiC Authors: Sakwe, S. A.; Müller, R.; Wellmann, P. J. Affiliation: Department of Materials Science 6, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martens-Str. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 9131 85 27719; fax: +49 9131 85 28495. Publication: Journal of Crystal Growth, Volume 289, Issue 2, p. 520-526. Publication Date: 04/2006 Origin: ELSEVIER Keywords: 61.72.-y, 81.10.-h, 81.10.Bk, 61.72.Ff Abstract Copyright: Elsevier B.V. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.11.096 Bibliographic Code: 2006JCrGr.289..520S Abstract We have developed a KOH-based defect etching procedure for silicon carbide (SiC), which comprises in situ temperature measurement and control of melt composition. As benefit for the first time reproducible etching conditions were established (calibration plot, etching rate versus temperature and time); the etching procedure is time independent, i.e. no altering in KOH melt composition takes place, and absolute melt temperature values can be set. The paper describes this advanced KOH etching furnace, including the development of a new temperature sensor resistant to molten KOH. We present updated, absolute KOH etching parameters of n-type SiC and new absolute KOH etching parameters for low and highly p-type doped SiC, which are used for quantitative defect analysis. As best defect etching recipes we found T=530°C/5min (activation energy: 16.4 kcal/mol) and T=500°C/5min (activation energy: 13.5 kcal/mol) for n-type and p-type SiC, respectively. Title: A differential magnetic flux position transducer: Analysis, simulation, and test results Authors: Flores Filho, Aly F.; Müller, Roberto Affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Oswaldo Aranha, N. 103, CEP 90035-190 Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil Publication: Journal of Applied Physics, Volume 99, Issue 8, pp. 08B318-08B318-3 (2006). Publication Date: 04/2006 Origin: AIP Keywords: magnetic sensors, magnetic flux, magnetic circuits Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.2173939 Bibliographic Code: 2006JAP....99hB318F Abstract A magnetic linear position transducer is proposed. It relies on a principle based on the variation of the magnetic flux distribution produced by the linear axial displacement of an ac-excited coil in a proper magnetic circuit. The principle and the correlation between the magnetic flux distribution and the linear displacement are demonstrated by a proposed linear reluctance network analytical model and by experimental results. Title: Controls on back-arc basin formation Authors: Sdrolias, Maria; Müller, R. Dietmar Affiliation: AA(EarthByte Group and School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Building H11, New South Wales, 2006, Australia); AB(EarthByte Group and School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Building H11, New South Wales, 2006, Australia) Publication: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, Volume 7, Issue 4, CiteID Q04016 Publication Date: 04/2006 Origin: AGU AGU Keywords: Marine Geology and Geophysics: Back-arc basin processes, Marine Geology and Geophysics: Plate tectonics (8150, 8155, 8157, 8158), Marine Geology and Geophysics: Subduction zone processes (1031, 3613, 8170, 8413) Abstract Copyright: (c) 2006: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2005GC001090 Bibliographic Code: 2006GGG.....704016S Abstract The relationship between subduction and back-arc spreading has been well known since the early days of plate tectonics. However, the reasons why back-arc basins are associated with some subduction systems but not all has remained elusive. We examine the kinematic controls on subduction and back-arc basins for both the present-day and Cenozoic to differentiate between the major competing hypotheses for back-arc basin formation and to explain their temporal and spatial distribution. Our new data set of subduction and back-arc basin parameters uses a new set of paleo-oceanic age grids (Müller et al., 2005) associated with a moving Atlantic-Indian Ocean hot spot reference frame (O'Neill et al., 2005). The plate model includes detailed reconstructed spreading histories of back-arc basins based on marine geophysical and satellite gravity data. Our combined rotation and oceanic paleo-age model provides the age distribution of subducting lithosphere through space and time, convergence rates, and the absolute motion of the downgoing and overriding plates. We find that back-arc basins develop when the age of subducting normal oceanic lithosphere is greater than 55 million years. Additionally, we establish an age-dip relationship showing that the intermediate dip angle of the subducting slab is always greater than 30° with back-arc spreading. Our results suggest that back-arc basin formation is always